SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR TARIM VE TÜRKİYE AÇISINDAN BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Özet

Sürdürülebilir tarım; tarımsal ekosisteme zarar vermeyen, doğanın tanıyan kendini uygulamalardan oluşmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir tarım ve sürdürülebilir tarımsal uygulamalarda amaç; doğal kaynakları tüketmeksizin, doğal ortama gerçekleştirilmesidir. Diğer bir amaç ise kırsal kalkınmayı sağlayarak çiftçilerin ekonomik düzeylerini ve yaşam kalitesini artırmaktır. Özetle sürdürülebilir tarım, bütüncül bir yaklaşıma sahiptir. Ülkemizde sürdürülebilir tarımın gerçekleşmesi ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin tüm aşamalarında denetim mekanizmasının en üst seviyede işletilmesi adına Tarım Sektörü Entegre Yönetim Bilgi Sistemi (TARSEY) projesi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Tarımsal sürdürülebilirlik adına bir dönüm noktası olacak bu dev proje, tam anlamıyla gerçekleştirildiğinde Hassas Tarıma (HT) geçiş süreci de tamamlanmış olacaktır. TARSEY projesi 2015 yılı itibari ile ülkemizde sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının tümünü kapsayan bir sistem olarak düşünülmüş ve bugüne değin gerçekleştirilen tüm uygulamaları içine alacak şekilde planlanmıştır. Proje, tarımsal uygulamaları tek çatı altında toplayacak şekilde temellendirilmiştir. oluşmaktadır. Bu sistem ülkemiz tarımı açısından bir dönüm noktası niteliğindedir

Abstract

Sustainable agriculture consists agricultural systems and practices that does not harm the agricultural ecosystem and allowing nature to renew itself. The objective of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural practices is the protection of the natural resources, the production of safe food and fiber without harming the natural environment. Another objective is to improve the economic status and quality of life of farmers by providing the rural development. Thus, sustainable agriculture has a holistic approach. In Turkey, the realization of sustainable agriculture and mechanism at all stages of agricultural activities are carried out the highest level of operation of on behalf of Agriculture Integrated Management Information System (TARSEY) project. This giant project which will be a milestone behalf of agricultural sustainability, when the full realization of Precision Agriculture (PA) happens, the transition process will be completed. TARSEY project is conceived as a system that covers all sustainable agricultural practices of Turkey in 2015 and it is planned to include all applications that have been realized so far. The project is based according to agricultural practices which intend to collect them under one roof. This study consists of two parts. Firstly, the conceptual framework for the sustainable agriculture and sustainable agriculture indicators has been put forward. Hence, the importance of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agriculture applications has been revealed in order to create awareness. In the second part, an evaluation will be made with in sustainable agriculture framework of the current situation with reference to the ongoing agricultural practices. The latest stage of sustainable agricultural practices that reached in Turkey; Agriculture Integrated Management Information System (TARSEY) as projected, supportive of all sustainable agricultural practices and all its complements, it consisted decision support mechanism of the latest technology that use in of the whole. This system will be evaluated by study which is a milestone for Turkey Many methods have been tried and developed in order to realize agricultural sustainability up to today. Within the frame of very different concepts, the necessary agricultural methods have been discussed. It is clear that common goal of all of them is to reduce the repression on the natural environment and give an opportunity to the natural environment to renew itself besides to produce safe food. The most basic factor in the realization of sustainability is the protection of natural sources. The necessity of passing hundreds of years in order for several inches of soil layer to be formed is a simple example revealing the importance of mentioned case. On this basis, in meeting the human’s basic needs from natural environment, handling the cases in a ‘protective’ approach is essential. This case is the most significant responsibility of today’s generation in human’s approach to the environment. Thus, the presence of a natural environment which can renew itself will guarantee the lives of both today’s generations and future generations. This sense of responsibility which we can also express as respect to nature, respect to natural life cycle and respect to human and future generations’ right to life, is a duty today’s people which should be before all pragmatist reflexes. Thus, ‘sustainability’ should be a social responsibility project that should be applied in all fields of human life. Sustainable agriculture is composed of nature-friendly, different practices and systems which form alternative production models against methods that require the usage of synthetic input and pesticides which cause heavy destructions on agricultural ecosystem and used within the frame of modern agricultural practices. So that, the usage of sources belonging to natural environment is of first priority in protecting against agricultural pests and other practices in sustainable agricultural practices. In short, these are agricultural practices that base protecting natural environment and human health instead of economical priorities and production techniques made with commercial concern. In sustainable agriculture, safe food production is not the only target. It is a system which provides rural development, increases economic levels and life quality of the farmers together with food production. A lot of indexes have been determined for sustainable agriculture. Although there are some varieties in bench mark indexes in different studies, in this study the indexes belonging to sustainable agriculture basically were classified as indexes belonging to natural environment, social and economic indexes. Knowing the indexes belonging to natural environment and making the targets and policy in the direction of this potential should form a basis, because making opposite practices to natural environment features causes to occur structural problems in the long run. In the crux of the agricultural problems in our day is making practices incompatible with the features of natural environment. Nonetheless, exclusively making agricultural production with the right methods and practices precisely does not mean that sustainability is achieved. In order for the products of the producer to represent a value, he needs to get the worth. Products that stayed in the field and are unsalable are social and economical indexes that risk sustainability, too. From this aspect, there is an integrated approach in sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural practices. If all the stages from the first stage in agricultural activities which is production of the foods to the last stage which is conveying them to the consumers process thoroughly, this is the indicator of that sustainability is fully realized. As a result, in the target of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural practices are; providing environmental quality with the improvements made to r