Hemp as a Potential Material in Architecture: Is it Possible in Turkey?

Abstract

PurposeHemp, also known as cannabis sativa, has long been one of the most important agricultural crops—an essential food for humans and animals since the Neolithic period. It is also one of the mostdurable raw materials used in both traditional crafts and many newer industries, such as themarine, clothing, automotive, and architectural industries. However, despite its beneficial healthproperties and use in making durable products, hemp has been banned in many developedcountries largely because it has been labeled an illegal plant due to its psychoactive properties.After the 1980s, industrially cultivated hemp in the form of hempcrete, hemp brick or low or hightechnology cast in situ wall systems gained recognition in architecture. Since the industry 4.0industrial revolution in the 2000s, the use of hemp has become increasingly important in medicineand nutrition and in industries such as paper, plastics, architecture and construction. Hemp hasbeen illegal for many years in Turkey. However, in Turkish history, using cannabis, hemp andhashish for food, pleasure, socializing, clothing, rope, paper and mortar has been an acceptedsociocultural phenomenon. Therefore, this article seeks to evaluate the possibility of using hemp inarchitecture by addressing its use in architecture, specifically in Turkey.Design/Methodology/ApproachThis research uses a literature review to explore both the history of hemp in Turkey and itsconstruction applications.FindingsThe results showed that given enough support, the use of such materials could create beneficialeffects for the architecture, construction and education sectors in Turkey.Research Limitations/ImplicationsIn the future, a research with funding and permissions could be conducted to observe of thephysical and chemical characteristics of hemp and hemp-based materials, which is lacking in thisstudy.Social/Practical ImplicationsRecognizing the benefits of hemp could have positive effects on the economy, health, agricultureand architecture of communities in Turkey. Hemp can replace petroleum-based materials whilehaving the advantages of being cost effective, providing a variety of production possibilities, andneeding less water for cultivation.Originality/ValueThis is the first study to address the potential use of industrial hemp in Turkey from an architectureand design perspective.