We propose that Turkey-Russia relations can best be defined around the concepts of ‘smart alignment’ and ‘flexible competition.’ Their bilateral relations cannot be considered black or white in the abstract, but rather take place in the ‘gray zone.’ Alternative scenarios for the future of bilateral relations are presented in the conclusion
📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale
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Amaç & Hipotez:Evaluating Turkey-Russia relations is a dilemma, as the two countries fluctuate between perceptions of mutual historical hostility and strategic partnership.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:The main purpose of this study is to explain the common aspects of the grand strategies of Turkey and Russia within the framework of the pattern and to evaluate the policies of both countries in Syria, Libya, and the South Caucasus where the interests of both intersect and occasional conflict.
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Sonuç & Katkı:We propose that Turkey-Russia relations can best be defined around the concepts of ‘smart alignment’ and ‘flexible competition.’ Their bilateral relations cannot be considered black or white in the abstract, but rather take place in the ‘gray zone.’ Alternative scenarios for the future of bilateral relations are presented in the conclusion
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Alan Parametreleri
Özet
Evaluating Turkey-Russia relations is a dilemma, as the two countries fluctuate between perceptions of mutual historical hostility and strategic partnership. An alternative perspective is needed to get beyond the impasse of this dilemma. The main purpose of this study is to explain the common aspects of the grand strategies of Turkey and Russia within the framework of the pattern and to evaluate the policies of both countries in Syria, Libya, and the South Caucasus where the interests of both intersect and occasional conflict. We propose that Turkey-Russia relations can best be defined around the concepts of ‘smart alignment’ and ‘flexible competition.’ Their bilateral relations cannot be considered black or white in the abstract, but rather take place in the ‘gray zone.’ Alternative scenarios for the future of bilateral relations are presented in the conclusion
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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap
ZENGİN, A. K., TOPSAKAL, İ. (2021). The Intersection of Grand Strategies in Turkey-Russia Relations: Reflections of Smart Alignment and Flexible Competition in the International Arena. Insight Turkey, Cilt: 23 - Sayı: 4, 147–168. https://ajindex.com/articles/415562
Peter Layton, “Grand Strategy? What Does That Do for Me?” The Strategist, (July 2012), retrieved from
John L. Gaddis, On Grand Strategy, (New York: Penguin Press, 2018), p. 21
Layton, “Grand Strategy?
William Martel, Grand Strategy in Theory and Practice: The Need for an Effective American Foreign Policy, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015) p. 5
Barry R. Posen, The Sources of Military Doctrine: France, Britain, and Germany between the World Wars, (New York: Cornell University Press, 1984), p. 13
Barry R. Posen, Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy, (London: Cornell University Press, 2014), p. 1
Dennis M. Drew and Donald M. Snow, Making Twenty-First Century Strategy: A Introduction to Modern National Security Processes and Problems, (Alabama: Air University Press, 2006) pp. 17-18
Paul Kennedy, Grand Strategies in War and Peace, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), pp. 1-10
Layton, “Grand Strategy?
Güngör Şahin and Cem Oğultürk, Jeopolitik Düşünce: Büyük Güçler ve Türkiye, (İstanbul: Yeditepe, 2020), p. 62
Colin S. Gray, “Geography and Grand Strategy,” Comparative Strategy, Vol. 10, No. 4 (September 2007), p. 311
Each state emphasis here can be understood as a demonstration of its military power, in particular
Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics, (California: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1979), pp. 105-109
Mustafa Aydın, “Uluslararası İlişkilerin ‘Gerçekçi’ Teorisi: Kökeni, Kapsamı, Kritiği,” Uluslararası İlişkiler, Vol. 1, No.1 (Spring 2004), p. 38
Geoffrey Hosking, Rusya ve Ruslar: Erken Dönemden 21. Yüzyıla, translated by Kezban Acar, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2015), p. 13
For the opinion that Russian expansionism is more about geopolitics than ideological and intellectual elements, see, Benn Steil, “Russia’s Clash with the West Is about Geography, not Ideology,” Foreign Policy, (February 12, 2018), retrieved November 24, 2020, from https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/02/12/ russias-clash-with-the-west-is-about-geography-not-ideology/
Alperen Kürşad Zengin, “Rusya Federasyonu’nun Ulusal Güvenlik Politikalarına Yön Veren Belgeler ve Etki Eden Güvenlik Yaklaşıml