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Dergiler / Insight Turkey / 2021 / Cilt: 23 - Sayı: 2

The Question of State-Sponsored Terrorism: Investigation of ASALA and JCAG in the Light of Available CIA Documents

Burak KÜRKÇÜ
Sayfa
259–280
DOI
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Furthermore, the tolerance shown by France and Switzerland towards the attacks of ASALA and JCAG gives the impression that the terrorist attacks conducted by Armenian terrorism attracted a certain level of sympathy among Western European governments, as long as their violent acts did not target non-Turkish victims.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:After a careful investigation of available archival documents of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the U.S.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:State Department, this paper questions the state sponsoring of the terrorist operations of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG).
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Sonuç & Katkı:Furthermore, the tolerance shown by France and Switzerland towards the attacks of ASALA and JCAG gives the impression that the terrorist attacks conducted by Armenian terrorism attracted a certain level of sympathy among Western European governments, as long as their violent acts did not target non-Turkish victims.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Alan Parametreleri

Özet

After a careful investigation of available archival documents of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the U.S. State Department, this paper questions the state sponsoring of the terrorist operations of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and the Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG). An investigation of the documents ascertains that state support for ASALA is identified by the CIA; however, knowledge about JCAG has remained in the dark due to its extreme clandestineness. In this respect, other than the support of local Armenian communities, this paper traces the fingerprints of the Soviet Union, Syria, Iran, and Libya behind the violent acts of ASALA despite their discreet and covert sponsoring. Furthermore, the tolerance shown by France and Switzerland towards the attacks of ASALA and JCAG gives the impression that the terrorist attacks conducted by Armenian terrorism attracted a certain level of sympathy among Western European governments, as long as their violent acts did not target non-Turkish victims.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

KÜRKÇÜ, B. (2021). The Question of State-Sponsored Terrorism: Investigation of ASALA and JCAG in the Light of Available CIA Documents. Insight Turkey, Cilt: 23 - Sayı: 2, 259–280. https://ajindex.com/articles/397858

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Kaynakça (9)

  1. Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), available CIA documents can be accessed by searching the “Document No,” retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/search/site/. For the comments of the CIA about ASALA and JCAG, see Doc-No: CIA-RDP83B00851R000400160002-4
  2. Paul Wilkinson, “Armenian Terrorism,” The World Today, Vol. 39, No. 9 (1983), pp. 344-350
  3. CIA Doc-No: CIA-RDP86M00886R001100010029-1; Also see, “ASALA Interview,” Herbert Romerstein Collection, Box 544, Folder 7, (Hoover Institution Library and Archives)
  4. For 250 different definitions of terrorism see, Alex P. Schmid, “The Definition of Terrorism,” in Alex P. Schmid (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Terrorism Research, (London and New York: Routledge, 2011), pp. 39-158
  5. Report classifies terrorism in four waves (anarchist, anti-colonialist, new leftist and radical) depending on these motivations. David C. Rapoport, “The Four Waves of Modern Terror: International Dimensions and Consequences,” in Jussi M. Hanhimaki and Bernhard Blumenau (eds.), An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non- Western Experiences, (New York: Routledge, 2013), pp. 282-310
  6. Richard Jackson, “The Ghosts of State Terror: Knowledge, Politics and Terrorism Studies,” Aberystwyth University Paper prepared for the International Studies Association (ISA) Annual Conference, (March 26‐29, 2008), pp. 1-17. Although terrorism is associated with non-state actors today, it found a place in the literature first to describe the reign of terror, the use of violence by the Jacobin and Thermidorian state regimes against the people which threatened the raison d’état after the French Revolution. See also, Michael Stohl, “The State as Terrorist: Insights and Implications,” Democracy and Security, Vol. 2, No. 1 (2006), pp.1-25. Laqueur takes this concept back to earlier times in which Roman and Byzantine empires used state terrorism against the antagonists of their regimes. See, Walter Laqueur, The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 156
  7. Stohl, “The State as Terrorist,” p
  8. Here, Stohl makes the main difference by arguing that state officers and institutions may also be involved in state terrorism if terrorist groups are sponsored by those institutions and the violence is not used for protecting citizens
  9. For the international obligations about the use of legitimate violence by the state see, Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism,