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AI InsightSigara ba?ymlyly?y tedavisi bireyselle?tirilmelidir
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Özet
Sigara birçok tybbi hastaly?yn yany syra ölümlere nedenolur. Sigara kullanylyrken davranym sorunlaryna yol açmaz.Yoksunlu?u syrasynda ortaya çykan ruhsal, bedensel tepkilerin düzeyi yatarak tedavi gören ruhsal hastalyklara benzer düzeydedir. Ynhalasyon yoluyla alyndy?ynda hyzla kanakary?arak santral etki gösterir. 35 ya?ynda sigarayy byrakanerkekler ortalama 6.9 -8.5 yyl kadynlar ise 6.1-7.7 yyl dahafazla ya?ar. Etkin önlemlerle sigara ba?ymlyly?y Amerika,Yngiltere ve Avustralya' da azalmaktadyr. Sigara içenlerde%10-15 kanser geli?ir ve bu kanserler %87 akci?erkanseridir. Sigara ayryca pankreas, böbrek, mesane,serviks ve mide kanserine yol açar. Sigara kronik tykayycyakci?er hastaly?ynyn ilerlemesinin temel sorumlusudur.Kardiyovasküler hastalyklardan ölümlerin onda birindenfazlasyndan sorumludur. Son 30 yyldyr farmakolojik olaraketkin tedavileri geli?tirilmi?tir. Nikotinin santral etkilerinifarklyla?tyrmaya çaly?an tedaviler tek ba?yna veya birbirleriyle kombine halde kullanylmaktadyr. Nikotin replasman tedavileri, Bupropion, Veranicline ilk syra tedaviolarak, Klonidin, nortriptillin ise ikinci syra tedavi olarakkullanylmaktadyr. Nikotin a?ylary gibi birçok farkly tedaviyöntemi ara?tyrylmaktadyr. Genetik çaly?malar sigarayaba?lama ve ba?ymlylykta farkly polimorfizmleri ortaya koymu?tur. Farmakogenetik yoluyla ilaç tedavilerindekibireysel farklylyklar anla?ylabilir. En uygun ilaç tedavisibireyin davrany?sal ve farmakolojik özellikleri göz önünealynarak yapylabilir. Sigara ba?ymlyly?y tedavisi bireyselle?tirilmelidir
Abstract
Cigarette smoking kills and leads to many medical disorders. Smoking does not cause behavioral problems butduring cessation and withdrawal phase mental symptoms occur that are comparable to psychiatric inpatientsymptom levels, depending on the quantity consumedregularly. When a person inhales smoke from a cigarette.it is absorbed rapidly into the pulmonary venous circulation. It then enters the arterial circulation and movesquickly to the brain. Cessation of cigarette smoking hasbeen estimated to increase life expectancy among smokers who stopped at the age of 35 years by 6.9 to 8.5years for men and 6.1 to 7.7 years for women. The disease burden related to smoking has begun to decline incountries such as the UK, US and Australia, which haveprogressively introduced strict prevention.Approximately 10%-15% of active smokers will go on todevelop cancer and 87% of all lung cancers can be attributed to smoking. Smoking is also related to the development of cancers of the pancreas, kidney, bladder, stomach, and cervix. Effective treatments for nicotine dependence has been developed in the last 30 years. There arepsychotropic drugs used alone or in combination.Whilenicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and veraniclineare the first line treatment, clonidine and nortriptylineare second line. Nicotine vaccine and other potentialtreatment approaches have also been investigated.Association studies reveal that genetic polymorphism isa factor both in initiation of smoking and developmentof dependence. By using pharmacogenetic techniquesindividual differences for the required drug treatmentmight be understood. Thus the selection of the mostappropriate pharmacotherapy can be done by considering the behavioral and pharmacological profiles of thepatient.Treatment of cigarette smoking should be individualized