The vortex effect of Francis turbine in electric power generation

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1. input/output Remote Reset PLC/DCS or DTM-CFG To Danger To Alert Power Supply 1 Power Supply 1 TM0181 Cable TM0180 Proximity Probe Figure 4. DTM10 system installation [22]. Air-admission system Figure 5 shows the air-admission system used to prevent the vortex effect at the Darca-1 HPP. With part 3 of the slip ring cover valve, shown in the upper section of Figure 5, the amount of air is admitted through the shaft. Normally, this valve is left fully open for maximum air admission. The Francis turbine section of the air-admission system is presented in Figure 6. Here, owing to the check valve in the lower part, airflow is directed upwardly in a one-way manner. Using a check valve in the lower section, pressured water is not permitted to flow through the turbines–generator shaft to the HPP building for any reason. Due to centrally injected air, the vortex oscillation amplitude is decreased; thus, hitting the draft tube is prevented. As a result, the turbine–generator group can operate more efficiently. Figure 7 shows the data from the turbine and generators used at the Darca-1 HPP. Either of the 2 units was operating while the vibration was being measured. Air admission system slip ring cover part 3 8x M10x33 Hex Head Screw 8x Hex Nut Air admission system slip ring cover part 1 8x M12x25 Hex Head Screw Air admission system slip ring cover O-ring d6 6x M16x50 Hex Head Screw Generator shaft A Figure 8. Water flow computer monitoring. Figure 8 presents the HPP SCADA system, software that was developed by Voith. The immediate turbine regulator controls, power, voltage, current, frequency, power factor, source water level control, main suction hatch controls, and check valve controls of the respective units (unit 1 and unit 2) can be seen and performed by the monitor. Figure 9. Francis turbine computer monitoring. In Figure 9, functions such as the monitoring and control of the spherical valve, tracking of the helix pressure, measuring of the turbine flow, positioning of the turbine hatch, speed check, and general monitoring can be performed. Figure 10. Francis turbine upper and lower bearings. In Figure 10, the control and monitoring of the generator’s upper and lower bearings, turbine bearings, and stator temperature can be observed. Figure 11 shows the upper section of a generator without an air-admission system. Figure 12 shows the upper section of a generator with an air-admission system mounted onto it. With the valve located on the top, the air-admission ra