KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy / 2026 / Volume: 11 Issue: 3

SARS, H1N1, EBOLA, COVID-19, MPOX, H5N1 AND HANTAVIRUS: IS HUMANITY ENTERING A NEW ERA OF PANDEMIC? IS TÜRKİYE PREPARED FOR THE NEXT GLOBAL OUTBREAK?

Sebla Ak(UNEM Universidad Empresarial de Costa Rica, Political Science PhD)0000-0003-4691-8100
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-10-24
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

These findings highlight the importance of sustained, multisectoral preparedness for emerging infectious disease threats.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases pose persistent challenges to global health security.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza A(H1N1), Ebola virus disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mpox, avian influenza A(H5N1), and hantavirus infections highlight the need for effective preparedness against emerging infectious threats.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:These findings highlight the importance of sustained, multisectoral preparedness for emerging infectious disease threats.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:2019 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Pandemic preparedness · Zoonotic diseases · One Health

Abstract

The emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases pose persistent challenges to global health security. Outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza A(H1N1), Ebola virus disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mpox, avian influenza A(H5N1), and hantavirus infections highlight the need for effective preparedness against emerging infectious threats. The concept of “Disease X” further emphasizes the importance of preparing for unknown pathogens that may cause future epidemics or pandemics. This study aimed to examine major infectious disease outbreaks and assess Türkiye’s preparedness for potential future global outbreaks. A descriptive review design was employed, based on a structured literature search and document analysis of scientific publications and institutional reports. The findings were organized and interpreted using a SWOT framework. The analysis identified healthcare infrastructure, intensive care capacity, digital health systems, and experience gained during the COVID-19 pandemic as potential strengths. However, challenges related to healthcare workforce capacity, zoonotic disease surveillance, public health literacy, coordination across human, animal, and environmental health sectors, and dependence on external sources for certain biotechnological products may constrain preparedness. Climate change, environmental disruption, international travel, migration, and global trade were identified as factors that may influence the emergence and spread of infectious diseases. Strengthening integrated surveillance and early warning systems, improving intersectoral coordination through the One Health approach, enhancing domestic vaccine and diagnostic production capacity, and expanding community-based public health education may help improve Türkiye’s preparedness for future outbreaks. These findings highlight the importance of sustained, multisectoral preparedness for emerging infectious disease threats.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Ak, S. (2026). SARS, H1N1, EBOLA, COVID-19, MPOX, H5N1 AND HANTAVIRUS: IS HUMANITY ENTERING A NEW ERA OF PANDEMIC? IS TÜRKİYE PREPARED FOR THE NEXT GLOBAL OUTBREAK?. International Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, Volume: 11 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.33457/ijhsrp.1969304

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (20)

  1. World Health Organization. “WHO Pandemic Agreement.” WHO.int. Accessed: May 3, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/health-topics/who-pandemic-agreement
  2. R. Gibb et al., “Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems,” Nature, vol. 584, no. 7821, pp. 398–402, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2562-8.
  3. C. J. Carlson et al., “Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk,” Nature, vol. 607, no. 7919, pp. 555–562, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-04788-w.
  4. J. S. Mackenzie and M. Jeggo, “The One Health approach—Why is it so important?,” Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., vol. 4, no. 2, May 2019, Art. no. 88, doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020088.
  5. C. Robbiati et al., “One health adoption within prevention, preparedness and response to health threats: Highlights from a scoping review,” One Health, vol. 17, Art. no. 100613, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100613.
  6. World Health Organization. “Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).” WHO.int. Accessed: Oct. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/health-topics/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome
  7. World Health Organization. “Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic 2009–2010.” WHO.int. Accessed: Oct. 18, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations/influenza-a-%28h1n1%29-outbreak
  8. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. “Ebola disease.” ECDC.europa.eu. Accessed: May 3, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/ebola-and-marburg-fevers
  9. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Turkey’s Response to COVID-19: First Impressions. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2020. Accessed: May 5, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/335803/WHO-EURO-2020-1168-40914-55408-eng.pdf
  10. World Health Organization. “Clinical management and infection prevention and control for mpox: Living guideline 2025.” WHO.int. Accessed: May 5, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/B09434
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “A(H5) bird flu: Current situation.” CDC.gov. Accessed: May 5, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html
  12. World Health Organization. “Hantavirus.” WHO.int. Accessed: May 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hantavirus
  13. World Health Organization. “Disease Outbreak News: Hantavirus outbreak linked to cruise ship travel, Multi-locations.” WHO.int. Accessed: May 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2026-DON611
  14. B. D. Rai, G. A. Tessema, L. Fritschi, and G. Pereira, “The application of the One Health approach in the management of five major zoonotic diseases using the World Bank domains: A scoping review,” One Health, vol. 18, Jun. 2024, Art. no. 100695, doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100695.
  15. C. Kuhn et al., “How studies on zoonotic risks in wildlife implement the One Health approach: A systematic review,” One Health, vol. 19, Dec. 2024, Art. no. 100929, doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100929.
  16. P. M. Saba Villarroel et al., “Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in Southeast Asia: One Health challenge,” Front. Public Health, vol. 11, Jun. 2023, Art. no. 1141483, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141483.
  17. M. P. G. Koopmans et al., “The panzootic spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 sublineage 2.3.4.4b: A critical appraisal of One Health preparedness and prevention,” Lancet Infect. Dis., vol. 24, no. 12, pp. e774–e781, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00438-9.
  18. R. S. Sikkema and M. P. G. Koopmans, “Viral emergence and pandemic preparedness in a One Health framework,” Nat. Rev. Microbiol., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 29–44, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.1038/s41579-025-01243-1.
  19. D. C. Danko et al., “The challenges and opportunities in creating a One Health warning system for pandemics,” Cell Rep. Sustain., vol. 2, no. 9, Sep. 2025, Art. no. 100485, doi: 10.1016/j.crsus.2025.100485.
  20. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, “Pandemic influenza national preparedness plan,” (in Turkish), Ankara, Türkiye, 2019. Accessed: May 6, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://covid19.tubitak.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/ulusal_pandemi_plani.pdf