Dergiler / Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 15

Fonksiyonel süt ürünleri üretiminde enkapsülasyon uygulamaları ve teknikleri

Encapsulation applications and techniques in the production of functional dairy products

Begümcan Çelik(BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0004-8674-7486
Seda Altuntaş(BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1126-6405
Furkan Türker Sarıcaoğlu(BURSA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1173-5793
Sayfa
1–14
Yayın Tarihi
2026-01-15
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bu derleme, fonksiyonel süt ürünleri sektöründe kullanılan enkapsülasyon yöntemleri, bunların kullanım alanları ve karşılaşılan zorluklar üzerine güncel bilgiler sunmaktadır.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Son yıllarda fonksiyonel ürünlere olan talep hızla artmış, bu da geleneksel gıdaların daha sağlıklı ve besleyici alternatiflerle yeniden formüle edilmesini gündeme getirmiştir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Enkapsülasyon teknolojisinin fonksiyonel süt endüstrisinde daha yaygın kullanımı için süreçlerin iyileştirilmesi, düşük maliyetli ve etkili kaplama malzemelerinin geliştirilmesi ve bilimsel çalışmaların artırılması gerekmektedir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bu derleme, fonksiyonel süt ürünleri sektöründe kullanılan enkapsülasyon yöntemleri, bunların kullanım alanları ve karşılaşılan zorluklar üzerine güncel bilgiler sunmaktadır.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Enkapsülasyon · Ekstrüzyon · Emülsifikasyon

Özet

Son yıllarda fonksiyonel ürünlere olan talep hızla artmış, bu da geleneksel gıdaların daha sağlıklı ve besleyici alternatiflerle yeniden formüle edilmesini gündeme getirmiştir. Enkapsülasyon yöntemi, vitamin, mineral, probiyotik, antioksidan gibi hassas bileşenleri sıcaklık, ışık, nem ve pH değişimlerinden koruyarak ürüne dahil edilmesini sağlar. Bu teknoloji, özellikle ürün kalitesini artırmak ve raf ömrünü uzatmak amacıyla yaygın şekilde tercih edilmektedir. Fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinde püskürtmeyle kurutma, ekstrüzyon, koaservasyon, emülsifikasyon ve dondurarak kurutma gibi enkapsülasyon teknikleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler, probiyotik, antioksidan ve fenolik bileşenleri mide asidinden koruyarak bağırsaklara ulaştırır. Ayrıca, aroma enkapsülasyonu tat kayıplarını önleyerek ürünün lezzetini korur. Enkapsülasyon teknolojisinin fonksiyonel süt endüstrisinde daha yaygın kullanımı için süreçlerin iyileştirilmesi, düşük maliyetli ve etkili kaplama malzemelerinin geliştirilmesi ve bilimsel çalışmaların artırılması gerekmektedir. Bu sayede, fonksiyonel süt ürünlerinin besin değerleri korunabilir ve işlevsellikleri artırılabilir. Bu derleme, fonksiyonel süt ürünleri sektöründe kullanılan enkapsülasyon yöntemleri, bunların kullanım alanları ve karşılaşılan zorluklar üzerine güncel bilgiler sunmaktadır.

Abstract

In recent years, the demand for functional products has rapidly increased, leading to the reformulation of traditional foods with healthier and more nutritious alternatives. Encapsulation technology allows the incorporation of sensitive components such as vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and antioxidants into products by protecting them from heat, light, moisture, and pH changes. This technique is widely used to improve product quality and extend shelf life. In functional dairy products, encapsulation methods like spray drying, extrusion, coacervation, emulsification, and freeze-drying are applied. These techniques help deliver probiotics, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds to the intestines by protecting them from stomach acid. Additionally, aroma encapsulation prevents flavor loss, preserving product taste. For wider use of encapsulation in the functional dairy industry, process optimization, development of cost-effective and efficient coating materials, and increased scientific research are required. This review provides current insights into encapsulation techniques, their applications, and challenges in the functional dairy sector.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Çelik, B., Altuntaş, S., Sarıcaoğlu, F. T. (2026). Fonksiyonel süt ürünleri üretiminde enkapsülasyon uygulamaları ve teknikleri. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 15, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1678651

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (65)

  1. Castro, Probiotic characteristics of streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus bulgaricus as influenced by new food sources. Microorganisms, 11(9), 2291, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092291
  2. M. Abbas, F. Saeed, M. Afzaal, J. Lu, M. Hussain, A. Ikram, and A. Jabeen, Recent trends in encapsulation of probiotics in dairy and beverage: a review. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(7), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16690
  3. M. Zeashan, M. Afzaal, F. Saeed, A. Ahmed, T. Tufail, A. Ahmed, and F. Anjum, Survival and behavior of free and encapsulated probiotic bacteria under simulated human gastrointestinal and technological conditions. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(5), 2419-2426, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1531
  4. P. Würth and D. Charalampopoulos, Encapsulation of bifidobacterium longum in alginate-dairy matrices and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, refrigeration, cow milk and goat milk. Food Bioscience, 21, 72-79, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2017.12.002
  5. I. Fareez, S. Lim, F. Lim, R. Mishra, and K. Ramasamy, Microencapsulation of lactobacillus sp. using chitosan‐alginate‐xanthan gum‐β‐cyclodextrin and characterization of its cholesterol reducing potential and resistance against ph, temperature and storage. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(3), 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12458
  6. S. Hashemi, F. Shahidi, S. Mortazavi, E. Milani, and Z. Es’haghi, Synbiotic potential of doogh supplemented with free and encapsulated lactobacillus plantarum ls5 and helianthus tuberosus inulin. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(7), 4579-4585, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1511-7
  7. H. Kadri, S. Lalou, F. Mantzouridou, and K. Gkatzionis, Utilisation of water-in-oil-water (w1/o/w2) double emulsion in a set-type yogurt model for the delivery of probiotic lactobacillus paracasei. Food Research International, 107, 325-336, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.049
  8. S. Ghorbani and M. Azizkhani, Encapsulation of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria using starch‐sodium alginate nanofibers to enhance viability in food model. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45(12), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16048
  9. L. B. Carmo, D. B. Benincá, M. Grancieri, L. V. Pereira, T. Lima Filho, S. H. Saraiva, P. I. Silva, D. d. S. Oliveira, and A. G. V. Costa, Green coffee extract microencapsulated: physicochemical characteristics, stability, bioaccessibility, and sensory acceptability through dairy beverage consumption. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13221, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013221
  10. F. Holgado, M. García-Martínez, J. Velasco, M. Méndez, and G. Márquez‐Ruiz, Microencapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid (cla)‐rich oil with skimmed milk components protects against polymerization. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 95(11), 1399-1408, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12146
  11. M. Júnior, W. Agnol, N. Neitzke, A. Santos, V. Esquerdo, D. Lehn, L. Pinto, and C. Souza, Spray-dried microcapsules of cheese whey and whey permeate as a strategy to protect chia oil from oxidative degradation. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 60(4), 449-457, 2022. https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.60.04.22.7451
  12. S. Starovoitova, Encapsulated Probiotic Microorganisms in Functional Food Products. Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal,2023. https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj85.06.077
  13. N. Yagmur, S. Sahin, and L. Yilmaz Ersan, Bio‐yoghurt enriched with Spirulina-encapsulated pomegranate peel: Impact on some metabolomics, antioxidative, textural and colour properties. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 77(3), 724-734, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.13105
  14. T. El-Messery, M. El-Said, E. Demircan, and B. Özçelik, Microencapsulation of natural polyphenolic compounds extracted from apple peel and its application in yoghurt. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 18(1), 25-34, 2019. https://doi.org/10.17306/j.afs.2019.0597
  15. M. Sharma, B. S. Inbaraj, P. K. Dikkala, K. Sridhar, A. N. Mude, and K. Narsaiah, Preparation of curcumin hydrogel beads for the development of functional kulfi: a tailoring delivery system. Foods, 11(2), 182, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11020182
  16. S. Gharibzahedi and B. Smith, Legume proteins are smart carriers to encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria: a review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(2), 1250-1279, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12699
  17. M. Afzaal, F. Saeed, M. Aamir, I. Usman, I. Ashfaq, A. Ikram, M. Hussain, F. Anjum, M. Waleed, and H. Suleria, Encapsulating properties of legume proteins: recent updates & perspectives. International Journal of Food Properties, 24(1), 1603-1614, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2021.1987456
  18. E. Kia, M. Alizadeh, and M. Esmaiili, Development and characterization of probiotic uf feta cheese containing lactobacillus paracasei microencapsulated by enzyme based gelation method. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55(9), 3657-3664, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3294-8
  19. E. Kia, Z. Ghasempour, S. Ghanbari, R. Pirmohammadi, and A. Ehsani, Development of probiotic yogurt by incorporation of milk protein concentrate (mpc) and microencapsulated lactobacillus paracasei in gellan-caseinate mixture. British Food Journal, 120(7), 1516-1528, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2017-0668
  20. R. Würth, G. Hörmannsperger, J. Wilke, P. Foerst, D. Haller, and U. Kulozik, Protective effect of milk protein based microencapsulation on bacterial survival in simulated gastric juice versus the murine gastrointestinal system. Journal of Functional Foods, 15, 116-125, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.02.046
  21. T. Thamacharoensuk, T. Boonsom, S. Tanasupawat, and E. Dumkliang, Optimization of microencapsulated lactobacillus rhamnosus gg from whey protein and glutinous rice starch by spray drying. Key Engineering Materials, 859, 265-270, 2020. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.859.265
  22. R. Iqbal, A. Liaqat, I. Yasmin, S. Ahsan, M. F. J. Chughtai, S. Tanweer, T. Mehmood, S. Tehseen, W. A. Khan, M. Nadeem, A. B. Tahir, and A. Khaliq, Double layered encapsulation to immobilize Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 35914 in polysaccharide‐protein matrices and their viability in set type yoghurt. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(8), e16748, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16748
  23. M. Otálora, A. Wilches-Torres, and J. Castaño, Evaluation of guava pulp microencapsulated in mucilage of aloe vera and opuntia ficus-indica as a natural dye for yogurt: functional characterization and color stability. Foods, 11(15), 2380, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152380
  24. M. Bordón, G. Barrera, A. González, P. Ribotta, and M. Martı́nez, Complex coacervation and freeze drying using whey protein concentrate, soy protein isolate and arabic gum to improve the oxidative stability of chia oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 103(7), 3322-3333, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12489
  25. L. Shi, Z. Li, Z. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Wei-ming, M. Zhou, and Z. Tang, Encapsulation of lactobacillus bulgaricus in carrageenan-locust bean gum coated milk microspheres with double layer structure. LWT, 54(1), 147-151, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.027
  26. R. Gruškienė, A. Bočkuvienė, and J. Sereikaitė, Microencapsulation of bioactive ingredients for their delivery into fermented milk products: a review. Molecules, 26(15), 4601, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154601
  27. G. Kostov, V. Shopska, R. Denkova, M. Ivanova, T. Balabanova, and R. Vlaseva, Encapsulation of plant and animal oils used in dairy industry: a review. Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E Food Technology, 20(1), 21-40, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2016-0002
  28. C. Fredes, C. Becerra, J. Parada, and P. Robert, The microencapsulation of maqui (aristotelia chilensis (mol.) stuntz) juice by spray-drying and freeze-drying produces powders with similar anthocyanin stability and bioaccessibility. Molecules, 23(5), 1227, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051227
  29. S. Kandasamy and R. Naveen, A review on the encapsulation of bioactive components using spray‐drying and freeze‐drying techniques. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 45(8), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.14059
  30. N. K. Mohammed, C. P. Tan, Y. A. Manap, B. J. Muhialdin, and A. S. M. Hussin, Spray Drying for the Encapsulation of Oils—A Review. Molecules, 25(17), 3873, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173873
  31. A. Oliveira, K. Guimarães, N. Cerize, A. Tunussi, and J. Poço, Nano spray drying as an innovative technology for encapsulating hydrophilic active pharmaceutical ingredients (api). Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology, 4(6), 2013. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000186
  32. M. Huang and M. Yang, Swelling and biocompatibility of sodium alginate/poly(γ‐glutamic acid) hydrogels. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 21(8), 561-567, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1466
  33. A. Dundar, K. Uzuner, M. Parlak, O. Şahin, F. Sarıcaoğlu, and Ş. Şimşek, Enhanced functionality and bio-accessibility of composite pomegranate peel extract-enriched “boba balls”. Foods, 11(23), 3785, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11233785
  34. M. Giroldi, I. Grambusch, C. Schlabitz, D. Kuhn, D. Lehn, and C. Souza, Encapsulation of protein hydrolysates by spray drying: feasibility of using buffalo whey proteins. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 57(6), 3419-3427, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.15665
  35. K. Kaewiad, N. Kaewnopparat, D. Faroongsarng, J. Wungsintaweekul, and S. Kaewnopparat, Statistical optimization of bambara groundnut protein isolate-alginate matrix systems on survival of encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. AIMS Microbiology, 3(4), 713, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2017.4.713
  36. S. Pakroo, G. Ghion, A. Tarrah, A. Giacomini, and V. Corich, Effects of 2′-fucosyllactose-based encapsulation on probiotic properties in streptococcus thermophilus. Applied Sciences, 11(13), 5761, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135761
  37. O. P. Bamidele and M. N. Emmambux, Encapsulation of bioactive compounds by “extrusion” technologies: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(18), 3100–3118, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1793724
  38. N. Kavas, G. Kavas, Ö. Kınık, M. Ateş, M. Kaplan, and G. Şatır, Symbiotic microencapsulation to enhance bifidobacterium longum and lactobacillus paracasei survival in goat cheese. Food Science and Technology, 42, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.55620
  39. C. Onwulata, J. Phillips, M. Tunick, P. Qi, and P. Cooke, Texturized dairy proteins. Journal of Food Science, 75(2), 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01473.x
  40. W. Tee, R. Nazaruddin, Y. Tan, and M. Ayob, Effects of encapsulation on the viability of potential probiotic lactobacillus plantarum exposed to high acidity condition and presence of bile salts. Food Science and Technology International, 20(6), 399-404, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013213488775
  41. G. Frakolaki, V. Giannou, and C. Tzia, Encapsulation of bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis through emulsification coupled with external gelation for the development of synbiotic systems. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 15(5), 1424-1435, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09993-7
  42. M. García, F. Ruiz, P. Asurmendi, L. Pascual, and L. Barberis, Reevaluating a non‐conventional procedure to microencapsulate beneficial lactobacilli: assessments on yield and bacterial viability under simulated technological and physiological conditions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 102(7), 2981-2989, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11638
  43. U. Tastemirova, I. Ciproviča, and A. Shingisov, The comparison of the spray-drying and freeze-drying techniques for camel milk: a review. Research for Rural Development, 35, 102-105, 2020. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.015
  44. G. Santos, R. Nogueira, and A. Rosenthal, Powdered yoghurt produced by spray drying and freeze drying: a review. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 21(0), 2018. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.12716
  45. A. Akindykova, C. Cakir-Kiefer, A. Baubekova, and S. Jurjanz, Isolation and characterization of camel milk proteins. International Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 12(1), 5-10, 2019. https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch-2019-i1-2
  46. U. Tastemirova, R. Mukhtarkhanova, M. Alimardanova, R. Alibekov, and A. Shingisov, Impact of vacuum freeze-drying on the reconstituted camel milk composition. Food Science and Technology, 42, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.61722
  47. S. Huang, H. Rabah, J. Jardin, V. Briard-Bion, S. Parayre, M.-B. Maillard, Y. Le Loir, X. Dong, P. Schuck, R. Jeantet, and G. Jan, Hyperconcentrated sweet whey, a new culture medium that enhances propionibacterium freudenreichii stress tolerance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(15), 4641-4651, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00748-16
  48. A. Prestes, C. Helm, E. Esmerino, R. Silva, and E. Prudêncio, Conventional and alternative concentration processes in milk manufacturing: a comparative study on dairy properties. Food Science and Technology, 42, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.08822
  49. Z. Zou, J. A. Duley, D. M. Cowley, S. Reed, B. J. Arachchige, B. Bhandari, P. N. Shaw, and N. Bansal, Physicochemical Properties and Whey Proteomes of Camel Milk Powders Produced by Different Concentration and Dehydration Processes. Foods, 11(5), 727, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050727
  50. H. P. Ha, V. T. Trang, N. C. Nghia, and V. H. Son, Development of freeze-dried red dragon fruit yoghurt containing probiotics. Journal of Science and Technology, 31(4), 014-018, 2021. https://doi.org/10.51316/jst.153.etsd.2021.31.4.3
  51. P. Wen, M. H. Zong, R. J. Linhardt, K. Feng, and H. Wu, Electrospinning: A novel nano-encapsulation approach for bioactive compounds. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 70, 56-68, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.009
  52. A. Brandelli, N. Lopes, and C. Pinilla, Nanostructured antimicrobials for quality and safety improvement in dairy products. Foods, 12(13), 2549, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12132549
  53. H. Jia, Y. Li, Y. Tian, N. Li, M. Zheng, W. Zhang, Y. Jiang, Q. Zhao, and C. Man, Recent advances in electrospray encapsulation of probiotics: influencing factors, natural polymers and emerging technologies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1–18, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2024.2447307
  54. A. Farahmand, B. Ghorani, B. Emadzadeh, M. Sarabi-Jamab, M. Emadzadeh, A. Modiri, and A. C. Mendes, Double protection of probiotics in alginate hydrogel through emulsification incorporated with freeze drying and coaxial wet-electrospraying: Survivability and targeted delivery. LWT, 204, 116459, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2024.116459
  55. A. Altemimi, Application of nanoparticles in human nutrition: a review. Nutrients, 16(5), 636, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050636
  56. N. Martins, M. Oliveira, and I. Ferreira, Development of functional dairy foods. Reference Module in Food Science, 1377-1395, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_35
  57. A. Abdelazez, M. Zafarullah, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhu, H. Abdelmotaal, R. Sami, and X. Meng, Production of a functional frozen yogurt fortified with bifidobacterium spp. Biomed Research International, 2017, 1-10, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6438528
  58. N. Yagmur, S. Sahin, and L. Yilmaz Ersan, Bio‐yoghurt enriched with Spirulina-encapsulated pomegranate peel: Impact on some metabolomics, antioxidative, textural and colour properties. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 77(3), 724-734,2024.https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.13105
  59. O. Tiţa, M. Constantinescu, M. Tița, and C. Georgescu, Use of yoghurt enhanced with volatile plant oils encapsulated in sodium alginate to increase the human body’s immunity in the present fight against stress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7588,2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17207588
  60. A. d. J. Cenobio-Galindo, G. Díaz-Monroy, G. Medina-Pérez, M. J. Franco-Fernández, F. E. Ludeña-Urquizo, R. Vieyra-Alberto, and R. G. Campos-Montiel, Multiple emulsions with extracts of cactus pear added in a yogurt: antioxidant activity, in vitro simulated digestion and shelf life. Foods, 8(10), 429, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8100429
  61. L. Popescu, D. Cojocari, I. Lung, I. Kacso, A. Ciorîţă, A. Ghendov-Mosanu, G. Balan, A. Pintea, and R. Sturza, Effect of microencapsulated basil extract on cream cheese quality and stability. Molecules, 28(8), 3305, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083305
  62. A. Farrag, H. Zahran, M. Al-Okaby, M. El-Sheikh, and T. Soliman, Physicochemical properties of white soft cheese supplemented with encapsulated olive phenolic compounds. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2020. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2020.23381.2388
  63. A. Kandyliari, P. Potsaki, P. Bousdouni, C. Kaloteraki, M. Christofilea, K. Almpounioti, A. Moutsou, C. K. Fasoulis, L. V. Polychronis, V. K. Gkalpinos, A. G. Tzakos, and A. E. Koutelidakis, Development of dairy products fortified with plant extracts: antioxidant and phenolic content characterization. Antioxidants, 12(2), 500, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020500
  64. T. Khoroshailo, Innovative technologies used on dairy farms. E3s Web of Conferences, 486, 03022, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448603022
  65. A. Abdelazez, M. Zafarullah, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhu, H. Abdelmotaal, R. Sami, and X. Meng, Production of a functional frozen yogurt fortified with bifidobacterium spp. Biomed Research International, 2017, 1-10, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6438528