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Dergiler / Avrasya Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 1

Kolomb Takası’nın Jeokültürel Etkileri: Erken Modern Dünyada Mekân ve Kültürün Yeniden Yapılanması

The Geocultural Impacts of the Columbian Exchange: The Reconfiguration of Space and Culture in the Early Modern World

Murat Çınar(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7436-2114
Sayfa
1–35
Yayın Tarihi
2026-05-19
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Nitel yönteme dayanan çalışma; seyir defterleri, kronikler, arkeolojik bulgular ve paleoçevresel verilerden yararlanarak biyolojik homojenleşme, Dünya Sistemleri Teorisi ve mekânsal sabit kavramlarını birlikte değerlendirmektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışma, Alfred W.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Araştırma, 1492 sonrasında kıtalar arasındaki biyolojik izolasyonun sona ermesinin dünya demografisi, üretim sistemleri, beslenme kültürleri ve güç ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerini tarihsel coğrafya perspektifiyle analiz etmektedir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Nitel yönteme dayanan çalışma; seyir defterleri, kronikler, arkeolojik bulgular ve paleoçevresel verilerden yararlanarak biyolojik homojenleşme, Dünya Sistemleri Teorisi ve mekânsal sabit kavramlarını birlikte değerlendirmektedir.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Kolomb Takası · Jeokültürel Dönüşüm · Mekânsal Difüzyon

Özet

Bu çalışma, Alfred W. Crosby’nin ortaya koyduğu Kolomb Takası kavramını yalnızca biyolojik tür transferi olarak değil, erken modern dönemde küresel mekânın yeniden yapılanmasına yol açan kapsamlı bir jeokültürel dönüşüm süreci olarak ele almaktadır. Araştırma, 1492 sonrasında kıtalar arasındaki biyolojik izolasyonun sona ermesinin dünya demografisi, üretim sistemleri, beslenme kültürleri ve güç ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerini tarihsel coğrafya perspektifiyle analiz etmektedir. Nitel yönteme dayanan çalışma; seyir defterleri, kronikler, arkeolojik bulgular ve paleoçevresel verilerden yararlanarak biyolojik homojenleşme, Dünya Sistemleri Teorisi ve mekânsal sabit kavramlarını birlikte değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, Kolomb Takası’nın simetrik bir değişimden ziyade asimetrik sonuçlar ürettiğini göstermektedir. Eski Dünya hastalıkları Amerika’da büyük bir demografik çöküşe neden olurken, Amerika kökenli yüksek kalorili ürünler Avrupa ve Asya’da nüfus artışını desteklemiş ve uzun vadede küresel güç dengelerinin dönüşümüne katkı sağlamıştır. Ayrıca aktarılan türlerin yerelleştirilmesi, kimlik inşası ve kültürel yeniden anlamlandırma süreçleriyle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, Kolomb Takası’nı modern kapitalist dünya sisteminin ve küresel eşitsizliklerin tarihsel zeminini şekillendiren temel bir jeokültürel kırılma olarak konumlandırmaktadır.

Abstract

This study reconceptualizes Alfred W. Crosby’s Columbian Exchange not merely as a biological transfer of species, but as a comprehensive geocultural transformation that reconfigured global space in the early modern period. It examines how the end of long-standing biogeographical isolation after 1492 reshaped world demography, production systems, food cultures, and emerging power relations. Drawing on a historical geography perspective, the research employs qualitative methods and integrates travel accounts, chronicles, archaeological findings, and paleoenvironmental data. Theoretically, it synthesizes concepts of biological homogenization, World-Systems Theory, and spatial fix to interpret the structural consequences of transcontinental exchanges. The findings demonstrate that the Columbian Exchange produced profoundly asymmetrical outcomes. While Old World diseases triggered demographic collapse in the Americas, calorie-dense American crops supported population growth in Europe and Asia, contributing over time to shifts in global power balances. Transferred species were localized and embedded in new cultural identities, while Indigenous communities actively reinterpreted and adapted introduced animals and crops within their own ontological frameworks. The study argues that the Columbian Exchange constituted a foundational geocultural rupture that shaped the historical trajectory of the modern capitalist world system, global inequalities, and contemporary environmental crises.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Çınar, M. (2026). Kolomb Takası’nın Jeokültürel Etkileri: Erken Modern Dünyada Mekân ve Kültürün Yeniden Yapılanması. Avrasya Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 1, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.7596/abbad.1895999

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