KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Turkish Journal of Biodiversity / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Çeşitli ticari esansiyel yağların in vitro antimikrobiyal aktivite değerlendirmesi

In vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity in various commercial essential oils

Nurcan Albayrak İskender(ARTVIN CORUH UNIVERSITY, HEALTH SERVICES VOCATIONAL SCHOOL)0000-0001-8413-3190
Sayfa
46–51
Yayın Tarihi
2025-06-30
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Test edilen mikroorganizmalar arasında en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite karanfil yağında gözlemlenmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışmada, ticari olarak satılan dört farklı esansiyel yağın antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır: küçük kantaron (Centaurium erythraea), ardıç (Juniperus communis), fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum) ve karanfil (Syzygium aromaticum).
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Her bir esansiyel yağ, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis ve Candida albicans olmak üzere dört farklı mikroorganizma üzerinde agar disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Test edilen mikroorganizmalar arasında en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite karanfil yağında gözlemlenmiştir.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Esansiyel yağ · antimikrobiyal aktivite · agar disk difüzyon

Özet

Bu çalışmada, ticari olarak satılan dört farklı esansiyel yağın antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır: küçük kantaron (Centaurium erythraea), ardıç (Juniperus communis), fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum) ve karanfil (Syzygium aromaticum). Her bir esansiyel yağ, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis ve Candida albicans olmak üzere dört farklı mikroorganizma üzerinde agar disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Test edilen mikroorganizmalar arasında en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite karanfil yağında gözlemlenmiştir. Özellikle Candida albicans üzerinde belirgin antimikrobiyal aktivite sergileyen karanfil yağı, diğer bakteriyel suşlarda da anlamlı inhibisyon oluşturmuştur. Fesleğen yağı da Candida albicans üzerinde güçlü antimikrobiyal etki göstermiştir. Buna karşın, ardıç yağı sınırlı antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahipken, küçük kantaron yağı test edilen mikroorganizmalara karşı etkisiz bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar, karanfil esansiyel yağının doğal bir antimikrobiyal ajan olarak potansiyelini ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, ticari esansiyel yağların biyolojik etkinliklerinin tutarlılığını sağlamak için kalite kontrol ve standardizasyonun önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Abstract

This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of four commercially available essential oils: common centaury (Centaurium erythraea), juniper (Juniperus communis), basil (Ocimum basilicum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum). Each essential oil was tested against four different microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans, using the agar disk diffusion method. Among the tested microorganisms, clove oil exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Clove oil demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial effects particularly against Candida albicans, while also showing significant inhibition against the bacterial strains. Basil oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans as well. In contrast, juniper oil displayed limited antibacterial activity, and common centaury oil was ineffective against the tested microorganisms. The findings highlight the potential of clove essential oil as a natural antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, the results emphasize the importance of quality control and standardization to ensure the consistency of biological activities in commercial essential oil products.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

İskender, N. A. (2025). Çeşitli ticari esansiyel yağların in vitro antimikrobiyal aktivite değerlendirmesi. Turkish Journal of Biodiversity, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.38059/biodiversity.1721539

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (41)

  1. Al Abbasy DW, Pathare N, Al-Sabahi JN, Khan SA (2015). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil isolated from Omani basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 5(8): 645–649. DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)60905-7
  2. Baydar H (2016). Tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler bilimi ve teknolojisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 51, Isparta, 466 s.
  3. Bolouri P, Salami R, Kouhi S, Kordi M, Asgari Lajayer B, Hadian J, & Astatkie T (2022). Applications of essential oils and plant extracts in different industries. Molecules 27(24): 8999. DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248999
  4. Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Simin N, Anackov G (2006). Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some Lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54(5): 1822–1828. DOI: 10.1021/jf051922u
  5. Bouyahya A, Belmehdi O, El Jemli M, Marmouzi I, Bourais I, Abrini J, Faouzi M, Bakri Y, Dakka N (2019). Chemical variability of Centaurium erythraea essential oils at three developmental stages and investigation of their in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective and antibacterial activities. Industrial Crops and Products 132: 111–117. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.01.042
  6. Chaib K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, Bakhouf A (2007). The chemical composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): a short review. Phytotherapy Research 21: 501–506. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2124.
  7. Cortés-Rojas DF, de Souza CRF, Oliveira WP (2014). Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): a precious spice. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4(2): 90–96. DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60215-X
  8. Dorman HJD, Deans SG (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology 88: 308–316. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x
  9. Dumitrescu E, Muselin F, Dumitrescu CS, Orasan-Alic SA, Moruzi RF, Doma AO, Mohamed EA, Cristina RT (2022). Juniperus communis L. Essential oils from western Romanian Carpathians: bio-structure and effective antibacterial activity. Applied Sciences 12(6): 2949. DOI: 10.3390/app12062949
  10. El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou F E, El Baaboua A, El Omari N, Taha D, Salhi N, Shariati M A, Aanniz T, Benali T, Zengin G, El-Shazly M, Chamkhi I, Bouyahya A (2021). Phytochemical properties, biological activities and medicinal use of Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 276: 114171. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114171
  11. Goñi P, López P, Sánchez C, Gómez-Lus R, Becerril R, Nerín C (2009). Antimicrobial activity in the vapour phase of a combination of cinnamon and clove essential oils. Food Chemistry 116: 982–989. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.03.058
  12. Glišić S, Milojević S, Dimitrijević S, Orlović A, Skala D (2007). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and different fractions of Juniperus communis L. and a comparison with some commercial antibiotics. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72(4): 311–320. DOI: 10.2298/JSC0704311G
  13. Haziri A, Faiku F, Mehmeti A, Govori S, Abazi S, Daci M, Haziri I, Bytyqi-Damoni A, Mele A (2013). Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Juniperus communis (L.) growing wild in east part of Kosovo. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 8(3): 128–133. DOI: 10.3844/ajptsp.2013.128.133
  14. Hersch-Martínez P, Leaños-Miranda B E, Solórzano-Santos F (2005). Antibacterial effects of commercial essential oils over locally prevalent pathogenic strains in Mexico. Fitoterapia 76: 453–457. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.006
  15. Iseppi R, Mariani M, Condò C, Sabia C, Messi P (2021). Essential oils: A natural weapon against antibiotic-resistant bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections. Antibiotics 10: 417. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040417
  16. Jerković I, Gašo-Sokač D, Pavlović H, Marijanović Z, Gugić M, Petrović I, Kovač S (2012). Volatile organic compounds from Centaurium erythraea Rafn (Croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil. Molecules 17: 2058–2072. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17022058
  17. Kamatou G P P, Vermaak I, Viljoen A M (2012). Eugenol—from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule. Molecules 17(6): 6953–6981. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066953
  18. Knobloch K, Pauli A, Iberl B, Weigand H, Weis N (1989). Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oil components. Journal of Essential Oil Research 1(3): 119–128. DOI: 10.1080/10412905.1989.9697767
  19. Leung AY, Foster S (1996). Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food Drugs, and Cosmetics. 2nd Edn., Wiley, New York, 649 pp.
  20. Lopez P, Sanchez C, Batlle R, Nerin C (2005). Solid and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: Susceptibility of selected food borne bacterial and fungal strains. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53: 6939–6946. DOI: 10.1021/jf050709v
  21. Ložienė K, Venskutonis PR (2016). Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) oils. In: Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 495–500). Academic Press.
  22. Maggini V, Semenzato G, Gallo E, Nunziata A, Fani R, Firenzuoli F (2024). Antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil in human health treatment. Molecules 29(5): 999. DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050999
  23. Mahulette AS, Alfian A, Suyadi, Supriyanto S, Situmorang J, Matatula AJ, Wattimena AY (2022). Type and morphological character of local clove (Syzygium aromaticum) from Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 23(3). DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230314
  24. Maurya AK, Devi R, Kumar A, Koundal R, Thakur S, Sharma A, Kumar D, Kumar R, Padwad YS, Chand G, Singh B, Agnihotri VK (2018). Chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of essential oils of cultivated clones of Juniperus communis and wild Juniperus species. Chemistry & Biodiversity 15(9): e1800183. DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800183
  25. Meriçli Yapıcı B, Çalışgan M (2020). Investigation of the antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oils. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research 6(10). DOI: 10.7176/jstr/6-10-02
  26. Moghaddam AMD, Shayegh J, Mikaili P, Sharaf JD (2011). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil extract of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves on a variety of pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5(15): 3453–3456
  27. Ntezurubanza L, Scheffer JJC, Looman A, Baerhiem Svendsen A (1984). Composition of essential oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum grown in Rwanda. Planta Medica 50: 385–388. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-969679
  28. Opalchenova G, Obreshkova D (2003). Comparative studies on the activity of basil an essential oil from Ocimum basilicum L. against multidrug resistant clinical isolates of the genera Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Pseudomonas by using different test methods. Journal of Microbiological Methods 54: 105–110. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00012-5
  29. Özdikmenli S, Zorba NN (2014). Uçucu yağların Staphylococcus aureus üzerine etkisi. Türk Tarım - Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 2(5): 228–235. DOI: 10.24925/turjaf.v2i5.228-235.118
  30. Pepeljnjak S, Kosalec I, Kalođera Z, Blažević N (2005). Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica 55(4): 417–422.
  31. Radünz M, da Trindade MLM, Camargo TM, et al. (2019). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of unencapsulated and encapsulated clove (Syzygium aromaticum, L.) essential oil. Food Chemistry 276. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.173
  32. Rezvani S, Rezai MA, Mahmoodi N (2009). Analysis and antimicrobial activity of the plant Juniperus communis. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry 2(2): 257–260.
  33. Saeed S, Tariq P (2008). In vitro antibacterial activity of clove against gram negative bacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40(5): 2157–2160.
  34. Simon JE, Morales MR, Phippen WB, Vieira RF, Hao Z (1999). Basil: A source of aroma compounds and a popular culinary and ornamental herb. Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses 16: 499–505.
  35. Soltani FZ, Meddah B, Chelli N, Tir Touil A, Sonnet P (2023). Atriplex halimus L. and Centaurium erythraea Rafn. Essential oils: the phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 88(3): 215–223.
  36. Suppakul P, Miltz J, Sonneveld K, Bigger SW (2003). Antimicrobial properties of basil and its possible application in food packing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 3197–3207. DOI: 10.1021/jf021038t
  37. Tahraoui A, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B (2010). Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Centaurium erythraea in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132: 48–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.038
  38. Teles AM, Silva-Silva JV, Fernandes JMP, Abreu-Silva AL, da Silva Calabrese K, Mendes Filho NE, Mouchrek AN, Almeida-Souza F (2021). GC-MS characterization of antibacterial, antioxidant, and antitrypanosomal activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and eugenol. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021: 6663255. DOI: 10.1155/2021/6663255
  39. Walsh S E, Maillard J Y, Russell A D, Catrenich C E, Charbonneau D L, Bartolo R G (2003). Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology 94: 240–247. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01825.x
  40. Wannissorn B, Jarikasem S, Siriwangchai T, Thubthimthed S (2005). Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants. Fitoterapia 76: 233–236. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.009
  41. Yücel E (2019). Türkiye’de yetişen tıbbi bitkiler tanıma kılavuzu. Eskişehir, 236 s.