Dergiler / Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Prehabilitasyonun Perioperatif Yönetimdeki Önemi ve Anestezistin Genişleyen Rolü

The Importance of Prehabilitation in Perioperative Management and the Expanding Role of the Anesthesiologist

Pınar Ayvat(İZMİR DEMOKRASİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9941-3109
Gülşah Şehitoğlu Alpağut(DEMOKRASİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ BUCA SEYFİ DEMİRSOY EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ)0000-0002-6493-7797
Sevinç Güler(MEDICAL POINT İZMİR HASTANESİ)0009-0006-1371-7598
Hazal Koca(DEMOKRASİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ BUCA SEYFİ DEMİRSOY EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ)0000-0003-2264-108X
Sayfa
105–115
Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-28
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Literatürde hem unimodal hem multimodal prehabilitasyon programlarının fonksiyonel kapasiteyi artırdığı, bazı cerrahi alanlarda komplikasyon oranlarını azalttığı ve maliyet etkinlik sağladığına dair bulgular mevcuttur.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Ameliyat sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme programlarının başarılı uygulanabilmesi, hastanın ameliyat öncesi fizyolojik durumunun optimize edilmesiyle yakından ilişkilidir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Literatürde hem unimodal hem multimodal prehabilitasyon programlarının fonksiyonel kapasiteyi artırdığı, bazı cerrahi alanlarda komplikasyon oranlarını azalttığı ve maliyet etkinlik sağladığına dair bulgular mevcuttur.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Prehabilitasyonun ulusal düzeyde benimsenmesi, yoğun bakım yataklarının daha etkin kullanılmasına, komplikasyonların azalmasına ve anestezi-yoğun bakım ekiplerinin iş yükünün hafiflemesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
🔬Tür:Deneysel Tarla Denemesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:prehabilitasyon · anestezi · preoperatif hasta yönetimi

Özet

Ameliyat sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme programlarının başarılı uygulanabilmesi, hastanın ameliyat öncesi fizyolojik durumunun optimize edilmesiyle yakından ilişkilidir. Son yıllarda anestezi pratiğinde yaşanan paradigma değişimi, anestezistleri yalnızca intraoperatif koşulları yöneten hekimler olmaktan çıkararak perioperatif sürecin bütüncül yöneticileri haline getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda prehabilitasyon, cerrahi stres yanıtını azaltmayı, komplikasyonları sınırlamayı ve hastanın fonksiyonel iyileşme kapasitesini artırmayı hedefleyen; egzersiz, beslenme desteği, psikolojik hazırlık ve sağlıksız alışkanlıkların düzenlenmesini içeren multimodal bir yaklaşımdır. Prehabilitasyonun temel dayanağı, düşük fonksiyonel kapasitenin artmış mortalite, daha uzun hastanede kalış süresi ve postoperatif komplikasyonlarla güçlü şekilde ilişkili olmasıdır. Kişiye özel fiziksel egzersiz programları, direnç ve aerobik antrenmanlar ile esneklik ve denge çalışmalarını içermekte; özellikle yaşlı ve kırılgan hastalarda belirgin yarar sağlamaktadır. Beslenme optimizasyonu, katabolik süreci azaltarak iyileşme döneminde kas proteini sentezini artırmayı hedeflerken, psikolojik müdahaleler kaygıyı azaltarak perioperatif uyumu desteklemektedir. Literatürde hem unimodal hem multimodal prehabilitasyon programlarının fonksiyonel kapasiteyi artırdığı, bazı cerrahi alanlarda komplikasyon oranlarını azalttığı ve maliyet etkinlik sağladığına dair bulgular mevcuttur. Anestezistlerin multidisipliner ekiplerdeki merkezi konumu, prehabilitasyonun uygulanmasında kritik öneme sahiptir. Preoperatif değerlendirme sırasında hastanın risk faktörlerinin tanımlanması, uygun adayların belirlenmesi, ölçülebilir hedeflerin oluşturulması ve kişiselleştirilmiş müdahalelerin koordine edilmesi anestezi hekiminin liderlik rolünü pekiştirir. Özellikle yaşlı, zayıf, malnütrisyonlu veya sosyal açıdan dezavantajlı hastalarda prehabilitasyonun zamanında başlatılması, cerrahi sonuçların iyileştirilmesi için önemli bir fırsat sunar. Türkiye’de prehabilitasyon uygulamaları henüz sınırlı olsa da, anestezistlerin organizasyon becerileri ve hasta yönetiminde multisistemik yaklaşıma hâkim olması, bu programların yaygınlaştırılmasında öncü bir rol üstlenmelerini mümkün kılmaktadır. Prehabilitasyonun ulusal düzeyde benimsenmesi, yoğun bakım yataklarının daha etkin kullanılmasına, komplikasyonların azalmasına ve anestezi-yoğun bakım ekiplerinin iş yükünün hafiflemesine katkı sağlayacaktır.

Abstract

The successful implementation of enhanced recovery programs after surgery is closely linked to the optimization of a patient’s physiological status in the preoperative period. The recent paradigm shift in anesthesia practice has transformed anesthesiologists from clinicians focused solely on intraoperative management into comprehensive perioperative physicians. In this context, prehabilitation represents a multimodal approach designed to reduce surgical stress, minimize complications, and improve functional recovery capacity. It includes structured exercise, nutritional optimization, psychological preparation, and modification of unhealthy lifestyle habits. The rationale for prehabilitation lies in the strong association between low functional capacity and increased postoperative mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and higher complication rates. Individually tailored exercise programs—combining aerobic and resistance training with flexibility and balance components—are particularly beneficial for elderly and frail patients. Nutritional optimization aims to mitigate catabolic processes and enhance muscle protein synthesis throughout recovery, while psychological interventions reduce anxiety and support perioperative adherence. Current literature demonstrates that both unimodal and multimodal prehabilitation programs can improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications in certain surgical fields, and provide cost-effectiveness. Anesthesiologists play a central role in the implementation of prehabilitation due to their key position within multidisciplinary teams. Identifying risk factors, selecting appropriate candidates, establishing measurable goals, and coordinating personalized interventions during preoperative evaluation strengthen the anesthesiologist’s leadership role in perioperative care. Timely initiation of prehabilitation is especially valuable for elderly, malnourished, frail, or socially disadvantaged patients, offering an opportunity to improve surgical outcomes. Although prehabilitation practices remain limited in Türkiye, anesthesiologists are well positioned to lead such programs thanks to their organizational skills and multisystemic patient management approach. The national adoption of prehabilitation has the potential to improve intensive care resource utilization, reduce complications, and decrease the workload of anesthesia and critical care teams.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Ayvat, P., Ayvat, A. G., Alpağut, G. Ş., Güler, S., Koca, H. (2026). Prehabilitasyonun Perioperatif Yönetimdeki Önemi ve Anestezistin Genişleyen Rolü. Izmir Democracy University Health Sciences Journal, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 105–115. https://doi.org/10.52538/iduhes.1912458

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