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Dergiler / International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Narenciye Türlerindeki Atıkların Limonen İçeriklerinin Yeniden Kullanım Amaçlı Ekstraksiyonu ve Karşılaştırılması

Extraction and Comparison of Limonene Contents of Wastes in Citrus Species for Reuse

Tuğba Pelin Toker(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9304-5739
Mariem Bouali(AKDENIZ UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2025-8116
Mustafa Hamza Mawlood Al Bayatı(University of Sulaimani)0000-0003-4939-3186
Mehmet Fatih Cengiz(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-6836-2708
Sayfa
85–93
Yayın Tarihi
2025-08-15
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

En yüksek limonen içeriği limonun kabuk fraksiyonunda tespit edilmiştir.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Citrus L. cinsine ait meyvelerde bulunan ve çeşitli tıbbi, kozmetik ve endüstriyel özelliklere sahip olan limonenin tanımlanması ve ekstraksiyonu, meyve sularına dönüştürüldükten sonra meyve atıklarının yeniden kullanımı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu çalışmanın amaçları ise şunlardır: (i) portakal (C. sinensis L.), limon [C. limon (L.) Osbeck], greyfurt [C. paradisi (L.) Macfad.] ve mandalina (C. tangerina Tanaka) gibi turunçgil türlerinin kabuk, posa ve meyve suyu gibi farklı fraksiyonlarındaki limonen içeriklerini karşılaştırmak, (ii) seçilen turunçgil türlerinin en bol bulunan fraksiyonlarından limoneni ekstrakte etmek ve (iii) süperkritik sıvı karbondioksit (SFC) ekstraksiyon sisteminin parametrelerini optimize etmektir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:En yüksek limonen içeriği limonun kabuk fraksiyonunda tespit edilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Citrus · Extraction · HPLC

Özet

Citrus L. cinsine ait meyvelerde bulunan ve çeşitli tıbbi, kozmetik ve endüstriyel özelliklere sahip olan limonenin tanımlanması ve ekstraksiyonu, meyve sularına dönüştürüldükten sonra meyve atıklarının yeniden kullanımı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları ise şunlardır: (i) portakal (C. sinensis L.), limon [C. limon (L.) Osbeck], greyfurt [C. paradisi (L.) Macfad.] ve mandalina (C. tangerina Tanaka) gibi turunçgil türlerinin kabuk, posa ve meyve suyu gibi farklı fraksiyonlarındaki limonen içeriklerini karşılaştırmak, (ii) seçilen turunçgil türlerinin en bol bulunan fraksiyonlarından limoneni ekstrakte etmek ve (iii) süperkritik sıvı karbondioksit (SFC) ekstraksiyon sisteminin parametrelerini optimize etmektir. Limonen içerikleri yüksek performanslı sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) kullanılarak belirlenmiş ve SFC ekstraksiyon koşulları Yüzey Yanıt Metodolojisi (RSM) ile optimize edilmiştir. En yüksek limonen içeriği limonun kabuk fraksiyonunda tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen tüm meyve sularında limonen içeriği <LOQ olarak bulunmuştur. Bir sonraki aşamada, limon kabuklarından SFC ekstraksiyon sistemi kullanılarak limonen ekstrakte edilmiş ve sistem için optimal parametrelerin 52°C ve 147 Mpa olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, turunçgil meyvelerinin kabuk ve posa fraksiyonları, meyve suyu üretildikten sonra en yüksek limonen içeriğine sahip olmaları nedeniyle potansiyel limonen ekstraksiyon kaynağı olabilir. Mevcut çalışmanın sonuçları, turunçgil kabuk ve posa atıklarından limonen ekstrakte edilerek yalnızca çevre kirliliğinin önlenmediğini, aynı zamanda atıkların sürdürülebilir bir üretim modeline dönüştürüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır.

Abstract

Identification and extraction of limonene in fruits of the genus Citrus L. which has several medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial properties, is crucial for reusing fruit wastes after they have been processed into fruit juice. The aims of the current study are therefore (i) to compare limonene contents in different fractions such as peels, pulps and juices of citrus species including orange (C. cinensis L.), lemon [C. limon (L.) Osbeck], grapefruit [C. paradisi (L.) Macfad.] and tangerine (C. tangerina Tanaka)), (ii) to extract limonene from the most abundant fraction of selected citrus species and (iii) to optimize the extraction parameters of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SFC) extraction system. The limonene contents were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and extraction conditions of SFC were optimized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The highest limonene content was determined in the peel fraction of the lemon. The limonene was found to be <LOQ in all tested fruit juices. In the subsequent step, limonene was extracted from lemon peels using the SFC extraction system, and the optimal parameters for the system were determined to be 52C and 147 Mpa. In conclusion, peels and pulp fractions of citrus fruits can be potential limonene extract due to the highest content of limonene after being processed into fruit juice. The results of the current study elucidated that by extracting limonene from citrus peel and pulp waste, not only environmental pollution was prevented, but also the reuse of the waste was transformed into a sustainable production model.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Toker, T. P., Bouali, M., Bayatı, M. H. M. A., Cengiz, M. F. (2025). Narenciye Türlerindeki Atıkların Limonen İçeriklerinin Yeniden Kullanım Amaçlı Ekstraksiyonu ve Karşılaştırılması. International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.38001/ijlsb.1596068

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