KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3

The ‘Norway Model’ for a Privileged Partnership Between the EU and Turkey

Serdar Altay(ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3603-6729
Sayfa
213–226
Yayın Tarihi
2021-06-30
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

This paper analyses the Norway model for an alternative path to the Turkish-EU relations comparing the model with the status quo as well as with the proposed scenarios for the updated Customs Union by the European Commission.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Even though no one has officially declared the halt of Turkey’s EU accession process, Ankara’s membership negotiations have effectively been stalled over the past few years.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Neither Brussels nor Ankara wants a complete collapse of bilateral ties which are strong, multifaceted and complex as well as beneficial for both Turkey and the EU.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:This paper analyses the Norway model for an alternative path to the Turkish-EU relations comparing the model with the status quo as well as with the proposed scenarios for the updated Customs Union by the European Commission.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Norway model · European Economic Area · Customs Union

Abstract

Even though no one has officially declared the halt of Turkey’s EU accession process, Ankara’s membership negotiations have effectively been stalled over the past few years. Neither Brussels nor Ankara wants a complete collapse of bilateral ties which are strong, multifaceted and complex as well as beneficial for both Turkey and the EU. In fact, as suggested by some observers, Turkey and the EU are not stuck with full membership as the only option going forward. The two sides can modify the relationship toward building a privileged partnership based upon one of the external differentiated integration models. The “Norway model” of integration with the EU might be a feasible option for Turkey and the EU considering the fact that the two sides have already come to an agreement to upgrade their Customs Union. This paper analyses the Norway model for an alternative path to the Turkish-EU relations comparing the model with the status quo as well as with the proposed scenarios for the updated Customs Union by the European Commission.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Altay, S. (2021). The ‘Norway Model’ for a Privileged Partnership Between the EU and Turkey. Ege Akademik Bakış Dergisi, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 213–226. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.960143

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (43)

  1. Altay, S. (2018a). Associating Turkey with the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership: a Costly (Re-)engagement?, World Economy, Vol. 41 (2018). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12533
  2. Altay, S. (2018b). Toward a “Privileged Partnership: The EU, Turkey and the Upgrade of the Customs Union, Insight Turkey, Summer 2018/Vol. 20, NO 3, pp. 179-198. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.25253/99.2018203.13
  3. Altomonte, C., Defraigne, P., Delattre, L., Goulard, S., Guttenberg, K. T. F., & Scharping, R. (2006). Le Partenariat privilégié, alternative à l’adhésion. Brochure, No. 38. Fondation Robert Schuman
  4. BBC News. (2016). Five models for post-Brexit UK trade, June 27. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics- eu-referendum-36639261
  5. Beyazıt, Ö. (2014). Privileged Partnership: As An Alternative Way to Turkey’s European Union Membership Bid. Law & Justice Review, 9, 277–339.
  6. Bobowiec, Z. (2017). Brexit and Free Movement of People: The Frameworks and Legal Bases of Possible Migration Control. King’s Journal for Politics, Philosophy and Law, 1, 105–116. Retrieved from https://blogs.kcl.ac.uk/ksjppl/wp-content/ blogs.dir/187/files/2017/03/Brexit-and-Free-Movementof- People-The-Frameworks-and-Legal-Bases-of-Possible- Migration-Control.pdf
  7. Del Picchia, R. and Haenel, H. (2004). “Rapport d’Information fait au Nom de la Délégation pour l’Union Européenne (1) sur la Candidature de la Turquie à l’Union Européenne,”. Annex to Senate Hearing, No. 279, (April 29, 2004). Retrieved from (http://www.senat.fr/rap/r03-279/r03-2791.pdf
  8. EEA Review Committee. (2012). Outside and Inside: Norway’s agreements with the European Union (2012:2). Retrieved from https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/upload/ ud/vedlegg/eu/nou2012_2_chapter27.pdf
  9. EFTA Court. (2021). EFTA Court Home. Retrieved from http:// www.eftacourt.int/
  10. EFTA Surveillance Authority. (2021). EEA rights and obligations. Retrieved from http://www.eftasurv.int/
  11. Emerson, M. (2017). “Which Model for Brexit?” in: da Costa Cabral N., Renato Gonçalves J. & Cunha Rodrigues N. (eds) After Brexit. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017, pp. 1-17.
  12. European Commission (EC). (2015). EU and Turkey announce modernisation of Custom Union. Retrieved from http:// trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/press/index.cfm?id=1307
  13. European Commission (EC). (2016a). Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Retrieved from http://ec.europa. eu/smart-regulation/impact/ia_carried_out/docs/ ia_2016/swd_2016_0475_en.pdf
  14. European Commission (EC). (2016b). “The EU’s relations with Norway.” Retrieved from https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ norway_en/1631/Norway%20and%20the%20EU
  15. European Commission (EC). (2018). Commission Staff Working Document Turkey 2018 Report. Retrieved from https:// ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/ files/20180417-turkey-report.pdf
  16. European Commission (EC). (2021a). Countries and Regions: Norway. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/ countries-and-regions/countries/norway/index_en.htm
  17. European Commission (EC). (2021b). Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA). Retrieved from http:// ec.europa.eu/trade/policy/in-focus/ceta/
  18. European Free Trade Association (EFTA). (2021a). EEA Agreement. Retrieved from http://www.efta.int/eea/eea-agreement
  19. European Free Trade Association (EFTA). (2021b). Agricultural products - Preferential trade. Retrieved from https://www. efta.int/eea/policy-areas/goods/agriculture-fish-food/ agricultural-products
  20. European Free Trade Association (EFTA). (2021c). The EEA Agreement. Retrieved from https://www.efta.int/Legal-Text/ EEA-Agreement-1327
  21. European Free Trade Association (EFTA). (2021d). The Basic Features of the EEA Agreement. Retrieved from https://www. efta.int/eea/eea-agreement/eea-basic-features European Free Trade Association (EFTA). (2021e). About EFTA. Retrieved from https://www.efta.int/about-efta
  22. Fossum, J. E. (2016). Norwegian Reflections on Brexit. The Political Quarterly, 87(3), 343–347. Retrieved from https:// doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12287
  23. Guttenberg, K. T. (2004). Preserving Europe: Offer Turkey a “privileged partnership” instead. The New York Times, December 15. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes. com/2004/12/15/opinion/preserving-europe-offer-turkey- a-privileged-partnership-instead.html
  24. Hakura, F. (2020). EU–Turkey Customs Union. Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank, December 14. Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/2018/12/eu-turkey- customs-union
  25. Ministry of Economy (MoE). (2015). Pazara Giris Engelleri 2015 Raporu. Retrieved from https://www.kutso.org.tr/wp-content/ uploads/2017/06/Pazara-Giris-Engelleri-2015-Raporu. pdf
  26. Müftüler-Baç, M. (2017). Turkey’s future with the European Union: an alternative model of differentiated integration. Turkish Studies, 18(3), 416–438. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.1080/14683849.2017.1300534
  27. Müftüler-Baç, M. (2018). Remolding the Turkey-EU Relationship. (2018). Turkish Policy Quarterly. Retrieved from http://turkishpolicy. com/article/913/remolding-the-turkey-eu-relationship
  28. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA). (2014). The EEA Agreement and Norway’s other agreements with the EU. Retrieved from https://www.regjeringen.no/globalassets/ upload/ud/vedlegg/europa/nou/meldst5_ud_eng.pdf
  29. Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (NMFA). (2017). Financial Contribution. Retrieved from https://www.norway.no/en/ missions/eu/areas-of-cooperation/financial-contribution/
  30. Pérez Crespo, M. J. P. (2017). After Brexit.The Best of Both Worlds? Rebutting the Norwegian and Swiss Models as Long-Term Options for the UK. Yearbook of European Law, 36, 94–122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yex021
  31. Rittberger, B. Leuffen, D., and Schimmelfennig, F. (2012). Differentiated Integration: Explaining Variation in the European Union, London: Palgrave.
  32. Saatçioğlu, B. (2020). The European Union’s refugee crisis and rising functionalism in EU-Turkey relations. Turkish Studies, 21(2), 169–187. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/14 683849.2019.1586542
  33. Schimmelfennig, F. (2014). EU enlargement and differentiated integration: discrimination or equal treatment? Journal of European Public Policy, 21(5), 681–698. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.897744
  34. Schwok, R. (2013). “Brexit”: the Swiss model as a blueprint ? OpenDemocracy. Retrieved from https://www. opendemocracy.net/en/brexit-swiss-model-as-blueprint/
  35. Senior Officials Working Group (SOWG). (2015, April). Report of the Senior Officials Working Group (SOWG) on the Update of the EU-Turkey Customs Union and Trade Relations. Retrieved from https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5b87b62f13b- 8761160fa10c4/YDMCG_Raporu.pdf
  36. Togan, S. (1997). Opening up the Turkish Economy in the Context of the Customs Union with EU. Journal of Economic Integration, 12(2), 157–179. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.11130/jei.1997.12.2.157
  37. Togan, S. (2015). The EU-Turkey Customs Union: A Model for Future Euro-Med Integration. In: Ayadi R. & Dabrowski M., De Wulf L. (eds) Economic and Social Development of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries. Springer, Cham, pp. 37-48. Retrieved from https://doi. org/10.1007/978-3-319-11122-3_3
  38. Wintour, P. (2018). Norwegian politicians reject UK’s Norway-plus Brexit plan. The Guardian, February 3. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/dec/07/ norwegian-politicians-reject-uks-norway-plus-brexit-plan
  39. World Bank. (2010). “Needs Assessment for Modernization of Food Establishments.” Report of II Gap Analysis of Agri-Food Enterprises, Turkey Food Safety Programmatic Technical Assistance. Washington D.C., World Bank, 2010.
  40. World Bank. (2014). Evaluation of the EU-Turkey Customs Union. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/ Worldbank/document/eca/turkey/tr-eu-customs-unioneng. pdf
  41. Yarrow, G. (2019). The Norway option would capture the true essence of Brexit. Prospect Magazine, January 3. Retrieved from https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/thenorway- option-would-capture-the-true-essence-of-brexit
  42. Guttenberg, K. T. (2004). Preserving Europe: Offer Turkey a “privileged partnership” instead. The New York Times, December 15. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes. com/2004/12/15/opinion/preserving-europe-offer-turkey- a-privileged-partnership-instead.html
  43. Pérez Crespo, M. J. P. (2017). After Brexit.The Best of Both Worlds? Rebutting the Norwegian and Swiss Models as Long-Term Options for the UK. Yearbook of European Law, 36, 94–122. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/yel/yex021