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Dergiler / Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

Comparative Multi-Criteria Performance Assessment of Battery and Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Systems in Off-Grid Hybrid Microgrids

Nazlıcan Düzer(ZONGULDAK BULENT ECEVİT UNIVERSITY)0009-0009-8377-5701
Nihat Pamuk(Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi)0000-0001-8980-6913
Sayfa
1531–1545
Yayın Tarihi
2026-07-15
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

These findings indicate that hydrogen-based long-term energy storage infrastructure in off-grid settlements should be regarded not merely as a storage solution but as a strategic component that enhances energy security and sustainability.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:This study comparatively analyzes the impacts of different energy storage approaches on the technical, economic, and environmental performance of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:The results demonstrate that the hydrogen-supported system increased renewable energy penetration to 84.7%, eliminated capacity shortages, fully met the load demand without interruption, and enabled long-term storage of surplus renewable energy.
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Sonuç & Katkı:These findings indicate that hydrogen-based long-term energy storage infrastructure in off-grid settlements should be regarded not merely as a storage solution but as a strategic component that enhances energy security and sustainability.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Hydrogen energy · Multi-layer energy storage · Off-grid hybrid energy system

Özet

This study comparatively analyzes the impacts of different energy storage approaches on the technical, economic, and environmental performance of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems. System modeling and optimization were carried out using HOMER Pro software. Two alternative system configurations were evaluated under real resource data and a representative load profile. The first configuration included a hydrogen-based long-term storage infrastructure consisting of photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine, battery storage, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell. The second configuration was based solely on battery energy storage. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen-supported system increased renewable energy penetration to 84.7%, eliminated capacity shortages, fully met the load demand without interruption, and enabled long-term storage of surplus renewable energy. Although the battery-based system required lower initial capital investment and yielded a lower levelized cost of energy, it experienced a 5.2% capacity shortage and was unable to utilize 129,782 kWh of excess energy annually. A multi-criteria assessment conducted from a life-cycle cost perspective revealed that energy supply reliability and renewable energy utilization efficiency play a more decisive role in optimal system selection than approaches based solely on economic indicators. These findings indicate that hydrogen-based long-term energy storage infrastructure in off-grid settlements should be regarded not merely as a storage solution but as a strategic component that enhances energy security and sustainability.

Abstract

This study comparatively analyzes the impacts of different energy storage approaches on the technical, economic, and environmental performance of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems. System modeling and optimization were carried out using HOMER Pro software. Two alternative system configurations were evaluated under real resource data and a representative load profile. The first configuration included a hydrogen-based long-term storage infrastructure consisting of photovoltaic panels, a wind turbine, battery storage, an electrolyzer, a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell. The second configuration was based solely on battery energy storage. The results demonstrate that the hydrogen-supported system increased renewable energy penetration to 84.7%, eliminated capacity shortages, fully met the load demand without interruption, and enabled long-term storage of surplus renewable energy. Although the battery-based system required lower initial capital investment and yielded a lower levelized cost of energy, it experienced a 5.2% capacity shortage and was unable to utilize 129,782 kWh of excess energy annually. A multi-criteria assessment conducted from a life-cycle cost perspective revealed that energy supply reliability and renewable energy utilization efficiency play a more decisive role in optimal system selection than approaches based solely on economic indicators. These findings indicate that hydrogen-based long-term energy storage infrastructure in off-grid settlements should be regarded not merely as a storage solution but as a strategic component that enhances energy security and sustainability.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Düzer, N., Pamuk, N. (2026). Comparative Multi-Criteria Performance Assessment of Battery and Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage Systems in Off-Grid Hybrid Microgrids. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4, 1531–1545. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1901278

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Kaynakça (20)

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