Dergiler / Anatolian Current Medical Journal / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Retrospektif çalışma: açık kalp cerrahisi öncesi uygulanan heparinizasyonun ACT düzeyleri aracılığıyla postoperatif trombosit sayısına etkisi

Retrospective study: the effect of preoperative heparinization on postoperative platelet count assessed by ACT levels in open-heart surgery

Ezhar Ersöz(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7531-4958
Serdar Bedirhanoğlu(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0008-3924-7752
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-10
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bulgular: İncelenen hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametrelerinin çoğunda ACT ve HCT düzeylerine göre anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>.05).

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Amaç: Çalışmamız, kardiyopulmoner by-pass (KPB) uygulanan hastalarda Aktive Pıhtılaşma Zamanı (ACT) ve Hematokrit (HCT) düzeylerinin, yaygın kullanılan hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametreleri (RDW, PLT, MPW, PT.INR, APTT, CRP) üzerindeki etkisini ve bu parametrelerin ACT prediktif gücünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Yöntemler: Ocak 2024–Haziran 2025 arasında KPB eşliğinde açık kalp cerrahisi uygulanan hastaların pre- ve postoperatif hematolojik ile koagülasyon verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bulgular: İncelenen hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametrelerinin çoğunda ACT ve HCT düzeylerine göre anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>.05).
🔬Tür:Laboratuvar & Saha Deneyi
📍Kapsam:2024 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Cardiopulmonary bypass · activated clotting time · hematological parameters

Özet

Amaç: Çalışmamız, kardiyopulmoner by-pass (KPB) uygulanan hastalarda Aktive Pıhtılaşma Zamanı (ACT) ve Hematokrit (HCT) düzeylerinin, yaygın kullanılan hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametreleri (RDW, PLT, MPW, PT.INR, APTT, CRP) üzerindeki etkisini ve bu parametrelerin ACT prediktif gücünü araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yöntemler: Ocak 2024–Haziran 2025 arasında KPB eşliğinde açık kalp cerrahisi uygulanan hastaların pre- ve postoperatif hematolojik ile koagülasyon verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar ACT ve HCT düzeylerine göre gruplandırıldı. Gruplar arası farklar parametrik/non-parametrik uygun testlerle değerlendirildi. ACT’ yi öngörme gücünü belirlemek için ROC analizi ve lojistik regresyon kullanıldı. Bulgular: İncelenen hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametrelerinin çoğunda ACT ve HCT düzeylerine göre anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır (p>.05). HCT düzeyine göre yalnızca PRE.RDW ve POST.PLT, ACT düzeyine göre ise yalnızca POST.CRP anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<.05). ROC analizi, en yüksek AUC değerine sahip olan PRE.HCT (AUC: 0.63) dâhil tüm parametrelerin ayırt edicilik düzeyinin zayıf olduğunu göstermiştir. Lojistik regresyon analizinde ise POST.MPW, POST.RDW ve POST.PLT parametrelerinin ACT düzeylerini güvenilir şekilde öngöremediği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: KPB uygulanan hastalarda ACT ve HCT düzeylerindeki değişikliklerin hematolojik ve koagülasyon parametreleri üzerinde sınırlı etkisi olduğu bulunmuştur. Saptanan birkaç anlamlı fark klinik olarak güçlü bir ayırt edicilik sağlamamış, ROC ve regresyon analizleri de bu parametrelerin ACT düzeylerini öngörmede yetersiz olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, ACT yönetiminde rutin laboratuvar parametreleri tek başına güvenilir değildir ve daha spesifik belirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır.

Abstract

Aims: Our study aimed to investigate the effect of activated clotting time (ACT) and hematocrit (HCT) levels on commonly used hematological and coagulation parameters (RDW, PLT, MPW, PT, INR, APTT, CRP) in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and to determine the predictive power of these parameters for ACT. Methods: Pre-and postoperative hematological and coagulation data of patients who underwent open-heart surgery with CPB between January 2024 and June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to ACT and HCT levels. Intergroup differences were assessed using appropriate parametric or non-parametric tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression were performed to evaluate the predictive value of ACT. Results: No significant differences were observed in most hematological and coagulation parameters according to ACT and HCT levels (p>0.05). Only PRE.RDW and POST.PLT were significantly different according to HCT levels, and only POST.CRP was significant according to ACT levels (p<0.05). ROC analysis indicated that all parameters, including PRE.HCT with the highest AUC (0.63), had poor discriminative ability. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that POST.MPV, POST.RDW, and POST.PLT could not reliably predict ACT levels. Conclusion: In patients undergoing CPB, changes in ACT and HCT levels were found to have limited effects on hematological and coagulation parameters. The few significant differences observed did not provide strong clinical discrimination, and ROC and regression analyses demonstrated that these parameters are insufficient for predicting ACT levels. Consequently, routine laboratory parameters alone are not reliable for ACT management, highlighting the need for more specific biomarkers.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Ersöz, E., Bedirhanoğlu, S. (2026). Retrospektif çalışma: açık kalp cerrahisi öncesi uygulanan heparinizasyonun ACT düzeyleri aracılığıyla postoperatif trombosit sayısına etkisi. Anatolian Current Medical Journal, Volume: 8 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1834922

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (31)

  1. Wahba A, Kunst G, De Somer F, et al. 2024 EACTS/EACTAIC/EBCP Guidelines on cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2025;67(2):ezae354. doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezae354
  2. Chen Y, Phoon PHY, Hwang NC. Heparin resistance during cardiopulmonary bypass in adult cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022;36(11):4150-4160. doi:10.1053/j.jvca.2022.06.021
  3. Doganer O, Jongkind V, Blankensteijn JD, et al. A standardized bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin does not lead to adequate heparinization during non-cardiac arterial procedures. Ann Vasc Surg. 2021;71:280-287. doi:10. 1016/j.avsg.2020.07.035
  4. Landrieu V, Beauvieux MC, Vidal T, et al. Surveillance de l’héparinisation en chirurgie cardiaque par l’ACT: accréditation de l’analyse en biologie délocalisée au CHU de Bordeaux [Monitoring of heparinization in cardiac surgery with ACT: accreditation of the point-of-care test in the Bordeaux University Hospital Centre]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2023;81(2):168-180. doi:10.1684/abc.2023.1794
  5. Faggian G, Bernabei A, Tropea I, et al. Chapter 18-Hemostasis during cardiopulmonary bypass. Advances in Extracorporeal Life Support. 2023;295-309. doi:10.1016/B978-0-443-18918-0.00018-8
  6. Vukicevic P, Klisic A, Neskovic V, et al. New markers of platelet activation and reactivity and oxidative stress parameters in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:8915253. doi:10.1155/2021/8915253
  7. Gravlee GP, Davis RF, Stammers AH, et al. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Principles and Practice. 2015;4th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer.
  8. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 2013;6th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson.
  9. Townsend N, Wilson L, Bhatnagar P, et al. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update 2016. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(42):3232-3245. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw334
  10. Zakkar M, Guida G, Suleiman MS, et al. Cardiopulmonary bypass and oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:189863. doi:10.1155/ 2015/189863
  11. Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez B, Morales I, Pérez-Galera S, et al. Predictive value of the kinetics of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for early clinical stability in patients with bloodstream infections due to gram-negative bacteria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;93(1):63-68. doi:10.1016/ j.diagmicrobio.2018.07.019
  12. Zhou W, Wang H, Li C, et al. Alterations in novel inflammatory biomarkers during perioperative cardiovascular surgeries involving cardiopulmonary bypass: a retrospective propensity score matching study. Front in Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11-1433011. doi:10.3389/fcvm. 2024.1433011
  13. Allan CK, Newburger JW, McGrath E, et al. The relationship between inflammatory activation and clinical outcome after infant cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 2010;111(5):1244-1251. doi:10. 1213/ANE.0b013e3181f333aa
  14. Welsby IJ, Schroeder DR, Ghadimi K, et al. Thrombin generation after prothrombin complex concentrate or plasma transfusion during cardiac surgery. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2025;58(2):309-318. doi:10.1007/s11239-024-03061-3
  15. Coakley M, Hall JE, Evans C, et al. Assessment of thrombin generation measured before and after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and its association with postoperative bleeding. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9(2): 282-292. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.04146.x
  16. Höfer J, Fries D, Solomon C, et al. A snapshot of coagulopathy after cardiopulmonary bypass. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2016;22(6):505-511. doi:10.1177/1076029616651146
  17. Butt SP, Kakar V, Kumar A, et al. Heparin resistance management during cardiac surgery: a literature review and future directions. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2024;56(3):136-144. doi:10.1051/ject/2024015
  18. Falter F, MacDonald S, Matthews C, et al. Evaluation of point-of-care ACT coagulometers and anti-Xa activity during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2020;34(11):2921-2927 doi:10.1053/ j.jvca.2020.06.027
  19. Zakkar M, Taylor K, Hornick PI. In: Cardiopulmonary bypass: principles and practice. 3rd Edn. Gravlee GP, Davis RF, Stammers AH, Ungerleider RM (editors). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Immune system and inflammatory responses to cardiopulmonary bypass. 2008;321-337.
  20. Mahla E, Suarez TA, Bliden KP, et al. Platelet function measurement-based strategy to reduce bleeding and waiting time in clopidogrel-treated patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the timing based on platelet function strategy to reduce clopidogrel-associated bleeding related to CABG (TARGET-CABG) study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;5(2):261-269. doi:10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.111.967208
  21. Pekdemir H, Polat G, Cin VG, et al. Elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels in coronary sinus during rapid right atrial pacing in patients with slow coronary flow. Int J Cardiol. 2004;97(1):35-41. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2003. 06.025
  22. Chung I, Choudhury A, Lip GY. Platelet activation in acute, decompensated congestive heart failure. Thrombosis Res. 2007;120(5): 709-713. doi:10. 1016/j.thromres.2007.01.003
  23. Bulur S, Önder HI, Aslantas Y, et al. Relation between indices of end-organ damage and mean platelet volume in hypertensive patients. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2012;23(5):367-369. doi:10.1097/MBC. 0b013e32835291b1
  24. Tanboga IH, Topcu S, Nacar T, et al. Relation of coronary collateral circulation with red cell distribution width in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2014;20(4): 411-415. doi:10.1177/1076029612470490
  25. Hamid M, Akhtar MI, Naqvi HI, et al. Incidence and pattern of thrombocytopenia in cardiac surgery patients. J Pak Med Assoc. 2017; 67(7):1019-1023.
  26. Sincer I, Gunes Y, Mansiroglu AK, et al. Association of mean platelet volume and red blood cell distribution width with coronary collateral development in stable coronary artery disease. Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej. 2018;14(3):263-269. doi:10.5114/aic.2018.78329
  27. Valenti AC, Vitolo M, Imberti JF, et al. Red cell distribution width: a routinely available biomarker with important clinical implications in patients with atrial fibrillation. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2021; 27(37):3901-3912. doi:10.2174/1381612827666210211125847
  28. Bujak K, Wasilewski J, Osadnik T, et al. The prognostic role of red blood cell distribution width in coronary artery disease: a review of the pathophysiology. Dis Markers. 2015;2015:824624. doi:10.1155/2015/824624
  29. Lippi G, Cervellin G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Red blood cell distribution width: a marker of anisocytosis potentially associated with atrial fibrillation. World J Cardiol. 2019;11(12):292-304. doi:10.4330/wjc.v11.i12.292
  30. Unal EU, Ozen A, Kocabeyoglu S, et al. Mean platelet volume may predict early clinical outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2013;8:91. doi:10.1186/1749-8090-8-91
  31. Şahin İ, Karabulut A, Kaya A, et al. Increased level of red cell distribution width is associated with poor coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2015;43(2): 123-130. doi:10.5543/tkda.2015.24819