Dergiler / Bogazici Journal: Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies / 2017 / Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 2

Taxes, Financial Markets and the Great Moderation

Vergiler, Finansal Piyasalar ve Büyük Moderasyon

Sayfa
83–115
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Lower dividend taxes induce firms to issue more external equity and become financially unconstrained in a shorter amount of time, so there are fewer small, volatile firms, and therefore lower volatility in macroeconomic indicators.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Recent studies have shown that there was a noticeable decline in the US corporate sector business cycle volatility from roughly the mid-1980s until the start of the recent financial crisis in 2007.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:During the same period, tax rates on US corporate distributions fell roughly from 43% to 17% as a result of the changes in the US income tax system that took place in the early 1980s.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Lower dividend taxes induce firms to issue more external equity and become financially unconstrained in a shorter amount of time, so there are fewer small, volatile firms, and therefore lower volatility in macroeconomic indicators.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:2007 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Alan Parametreleri

Özet

Recent studies have shown that there was a noticeable decline in the US corporate sector business cycle volatility from roughly the mid-1980s until the start of the recent financial crisis in 2007. This fact came to be known as the Great Moderation. During the same period, tax rates on US corporate distributions fell roughly from 43% to 17% as a result of the changes in the US income tax system that took place in the early 1980s. Motivated by these, we investigate the effects of dividend tax cuts on macroeconomic volatility. We develop a model in which firms finance investment through external equity and internal funds, and face costs of reducing labor input. Dividend taxes reduce the amount of external equity that new firms raise, so they start small and grow over time by using internal funds to a greater extent. Such financially constrained firms respond more to the business cycle shocks since they are less affected by labor reduction costs because of their growing labor demand on their life cycle. Contrarily, old and large firms respond less to business cycle shocks since they have completed their growth process, and are therefore more affected by labor reduction costs. Lower dividend taxes induce firms to issue more external equity and become financially unconstrained in a shorter amount of time, so there are fewer small, volatile firms, and therefore lower volatility in macroeconomic indicators.

Abstract

Son yıllardaki araştırmalar, ABD kurumsal sektör volatilitesinde 1980’lerin ortalarından son mali krizin başlamasına kadar belirgin bir düşüş olduğunu gösterdi. Literatürde bu dönem “Büyük Moderasyon” olarak bilinmektedir. Aynı dönemde, ABD kurumsal temettü vergi oranları 1980’lerin başında gerçekleşen vergi sistemindeki değişiklikler nedeniyle yaklaşık %43’ten %17’ye düştü. Bu makalede, temettü vergilerinin makroekonomik oynaklık üzerindeki etkilerini araştırıyoruz. Bu bağlamda, firmaların dış sermaye ve dahili fonlar yoluyla yatırım finanse ettikleri ve işten çıkartma maliyetleriyle karşı karşıya kaldıkları bir model geliştirdik. Temettü vergileri dış finansman maliyetini arttırdığı için, yeni firmalar küçük ölçekli başlayarak daha çok dahili fonları kullanarak zamanla büyümeye başlarlar. Dış finansman maliyeti yüksek olan bu tür firmalar büyüme evresinde oldukları için makroekonomik şoklar karşısında işci cıkartma maliyetlerinden daha az etkilenmektedirler ve bu nedenle daha fazla tepki vermektedirler. Buna karşın, eski ve büyük firmalar büyüme sürecini tamamladıkları için makro şoklar karşısında işci çıkartma maliyetlerinden daha fazla etkilenmektedirler ve bu nedenle daha az tepki vermektedirler. Bu bağlamda, düşük temettü vergileri, yeni ve küçük firmaları daha fazla dış finansman kullanarak kısa bir sürede büyüme evresini tamamlamaya yönlendirir ve, sonuç olarak, ekonomide daha az sayıda küçük şirketin ve daha fazla büyük şirketin yer almasını sağlayarak makro volatilitenin düşmesini sağlamaktadır.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

ATEŞAĞAOĞLU, O. E. (2017). Taxes, Financial Markets and the Great Moderation. Bogazici Journal: Review of Social, Economic and Administrative Studies, Cilt: 31 - Sayı: 2, 83–115. https://ajindex.com/articles/142121

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