A subsequent section deals with the main objective of this article and introduces a new definition of heat that avoids the difficulties of the existent definitions, providing (i) a complete distinction between open and closed systems, (ii) non-redundancy, (iii) natural variables for the thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) a sound, complete, and intuitive generalization of classical thermodynamic expressions.
📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale
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Amaç & Hipotez:Although an unambiguous definition of heat is available for closed systems, the question of how best to define heat in open systems is not yet settled.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:After introducing a set of physical requirements for the definition of heat, this article reviews the non-equivalent definitions of heat for open systems used by Callen, Casas-Vázquez, DeGroot, Fox, Haase, Jou, Kondepudi, Lebon, Mazur, Misner, Prigogine, Smith, Thorne, and Wheeler, emphasizing which physical requirements are not met.
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Sonuç & Katkı:A subsequent section deals with the main objective of this article and introduces a new definition of heat that avoids the difficulties of the existent definitions, providing (i) a complete distinction between open and closed systems, (ii) non-redundancy, (iii) natural variables for the thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) a sound, complete, and intuitive generalization of classical thermodynamic expressions.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Thermodynamics · First Law · Second Law
Abstract
Although an unambiguous definition of heat is available for closed systems, the question of how best to define heat in open systems is not yet settled. After introducing a set of physical requirements for the definition of heat, this article reviews the non-equivalent definitions of heat for open systems used by Callen, Casas-Vázquez, DeGroot, Fox, Haase, Jou, Kondepudi, Lebon, Mazur, Misner, Prigogine, Smith, Thorne, and Wheeler, emphasizing which physical requirements are not met. A subsequent section deals with the main objective of this article and introduces a new definition of heat that avoids the difficulties of the existent definitions, providing (i) a complete distinction between open and closed systems, (ii) non-redundancy, (iii) natural variables for the thermodynamic potentials, and (iv) a sound, complete, and intuitive generalization of classical thermodynamic expressions.
álvarez, J. R. G. (2013). Non-redundant and natural variables definition of heat valid for open systems. International Journal of Thermodynamics, Volume: 16 Issue: 3. https://ajindex.com/articles/1415150
D. K. Kondepudi and I. Prigogine, Modern Thermodynamics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 19 G. H. Bryan, Thermodynamics, an introductory treatise dealing mainly with first principles and their direct applications. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1907.
R. Haase, "Survey of fundamental laws," in Physical Chemistry, An Advanced Treatise, Volume I Thermodynamics, W. Jost, Ed. London: Academic Press, 1971.
H. B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
D. A. Smith, "Definition of Heat in Open Systems," Aust. J. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 95–105,.1990.
E. R. Cohen, Ed. Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, 2nd Printing. Cambridge: IUPAC & RSC Publishing, 2008.
S. R. De Groot and P. Mazur, Non-equilibrium thermodynamics. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1984.
R. F. Fox, "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics," in Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, Volume I Fundamentals, J. H. Moore and N. D. Spencer, Eds. Bristol: IOP Publishing Bristol, 2001. D. Jou, J. Casas-Vázquez, and G. Lebon, Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics, 4th Ed. New York: Springer, 2010.
R. Balescu, Statistical dynamics; matter out of equilibrium. London: Imperial College Press, 1997.
C. Misner, K. S. Thorne, and J. A. Wheeler, Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co., 19