Dergiler / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Examining the Relationship Between Occupational Balance, Spirituality, and Quality of Life in Older Adults

Yasin Tekeci(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ERGOTERAPİ BÖLÜMÜ, ERGOTERAPİ PR. (ANKARA))0000-0002-3569-7536
Mustafa Cemali(TRAKYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7823-6628
Berkan Torpil(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ERGOTERAPİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-0322-5163
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-08-28
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Considering environmental factors and spiritual resources may contribute to the development of more holistic approaches in geriatric rehabilitation.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Introduction: This study aimed to examine the relationships between occupational balance, spiritual well-being, and quality of life (QoL) in older adults, and to evaluate the effects of these variables on occupational balance.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 volunteers aged 65 years and older without cognitive impairment.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Considering environmental factors and spiritual resources may contribute to the development of more holistic approaches in geriatric rehabilitation.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:spirituality · quality of life · occupational balance

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the relationships between occupational balance, spiritual well-being, and quality of life (QoL) in older adults, and to evaluate the effects of these variables on occupational balance. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 volunteers aged 65 years and older without cognitive impairment. Data were collected using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Scale. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: A moderate positive correlation was found between occupational balance and spiritual well-being (r = 0.415; p < 0.001). Occupational balance was also positively correlated with the general health, physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains of QoL, with moderate to strong effect sizes (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the model was statistically significant and explained 39.3% of the variance in occupational balance (Adj. R² = 0.393; p < 0.001). The environmental domain and spiritual well-being were identified as significant predictors (p < 0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest that occupational balance in older adults is associated with spiritual well-being and QoL. Considering environmental factors and spiritual resources may contribute to the development of more holistic approaches in geriatric rehabilitation.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Tekeci, Y., Cemali, M., Torpil, B. (2026). Examining the Relationship Between Occupational Balance, Spirituality, and Quality of Life in Older Adults. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 13 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1924834

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (55)

  1. Abdul-Rahman, Z. (2017). Islamic spirituality and mental well-being. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research, 20.
  2. Alpar, R. (2013). Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel yöntemler. Detay yayıncılık.
  3. Bagis, F., Adawiyah, W. R., Purnomo, R., & Sudjadi, A. (2024). Exploring Islamic spiritual well-being: conceptualization and validation of a measurement scale. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.25217/0020247473500
  4. Beagan, B. L., & Hattie, B. (2015). LGBTQ experiences with religion and spirituality: Occupational transition and adaptation. Journal of Occupational Science, 22(4), 459-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2014.953670
  5. Boswell, G. H., Kahana, E., & Dilworth-Anderson, P. (2006). Spirituality and healthy lifestyle behaviors: Stress counter-balancing effects on the well-being of older adults. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(4), 587-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-006-9060-7
  6. Budash, D. E., DePasquale, D., Longo, M., & Quinn, E. (2026). Meaning Through Occupation: A Qualitative Study of Spirituality in Older Adults. OTJR: Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 15394492261422648. https://doi.org/10.1177/15394492261422648
  7. Büssing, A. (2021). Wondering awe as a perceptive aspect of spirituality and its relation to indicators of wellbeing: Frequency of perception and underlying triggers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 738770. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.738770
  8. Can Oz, Y., Duran, S., & Dogan, K. (2022). The meaning and role of spirituality for older adults: A qualitative study. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(2), 1490-1504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01258-x
  9. Chen, Y. H., Lin, L. C., Chuang, L. L., & Chen, M. L. (2017). The relationship of physiopsychosocial factors and spiritual well‐being in elderly residents: implications for evidence‐based practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 14(6), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12243
  10. Cuschieri, S. (2019). The STROBE guidelines. Saudi journal of Anaesthesia, 13(Suppl 1), S31-S34. https://doi.org/10.4103/sja.SJA_543_18
  11. Durocher, E., Gibson, B. E., & Rappolt, S. (2014). Occupational justice: A conceptual review. Journal of Occupational Science, 21(4), 418-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2013.775692
  12. Dziechciaż, M., & Filip, R. (2014). Biological psychological and social determinants of old age: Bio-psycho-social aspects of human aging. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 21(4), 835-838. https://doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1129943
  13. Eakman, A. M. (2016). A subjectively-based definition of life balance using personal meaning in occupation. Journal of Occupational Science, 23(1), 108-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2014.955603
  14. Ekşi, H., & Kardaş, S. (2017). Spiritual well-being: Scale development and validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022
  15. Eser, E., Fidaner, H., Fidaner, C., Eser, S. Y., Elbi, H., & Göker, E. (1999). WHOQOL-100 ve WHOQOL-BREF'in psikometrik özellikleri. Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi, 7(Suppl 2), 23-40.
  16. Franklin, K. J. (2018). Culture does affect our spirituality. In G. W. H. Jhon Amalraj, William D. Taylor (Eds.) (Ed.), Spirituality in mission: Embracing the lifelong journey (pp. 115–128). William Carey Publishing.
  17. Griffith, J., Caron, C. D., Desrosiers, J., & Thibeault, R. (2007). Defining spirituality and giving meaning to occupation: The perspective of community-dwelling older adults with autonomy loss. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(2), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.2182/cjot.06.0016
  18. Group, W. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291798006667
  19. Günal, A., Pekçetin, S., Demirtürk, F., Şenol, H., Håkansson, C., & Wagman, P. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Turkish occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ11-T). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 27(7), 493-499. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1673479
  20. Hasselkus, B. R., & Dickie, V. (2024). The meaning of everyday occupation. Routledge.
  21. Hovbrandt, P., Carlsson, G., Nilsson, K., Albin, M., & Håkansson, C. (2019). Occupational balance as described by older workers over the age of 65. Journal of Occupational Science, 26(1), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2018.1542616
  22. Hung, S.-T., Cheng, Y.-C., Wu, C.-C., & Su, C.-H. (2023). Examining physical wellness as the fundamental element for achieving holistic well-being in older persons: Review of literature and practical application in daily life. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 1889-1904. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S419306
  23. Jafaripoor, H., Safarabadi, M., Pourandish, Y., Khanmohammadi, A., Aghaiepoor, S. M., Rahbarian, A., Poorcheraghi, H., & Jadidi, A. (2018). The elders’ spiritual well-being and their quality of life: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Client Centered Nursing Care, 4(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.32598/jccnc.4.3.145
  24. Janhsen, A., Golla, H., Mantell, P., & Woopen, C. (2021). Transforming spirituality through aging: Coping and distress in the search for meaning in very old age. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 33(1), 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2019.1676362
  25. Jeong, H. N., & Chang, S. J. (2023). Association between social frailty and life satisfaction among older adults: the role of functional limitations and depressive symptoms. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16(6), 291-300. https://doi.org/10.3928/19404921-20230817-02
  26. Jones, J., Topping, A., Wattis, J., & Smith, J. (2016). A concept analysis of spirituality in occupational therapy practice. Journal for the Study of Spirituality, 6(1), 38-57. https://doi.org/10.1080/20440243.2016.1158455
  27. Joshanloo, M. (2017). Islamic conceptions of well-being. In The pursuit of human well-Being: The untold global history (pp. 109-131). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39101-4_5
  28. Kader, H. (2021). Human well-being, morality and the economy: an Islamic perspective. Islamic Economic Studies, 28(2), 102-123. https://doi.org/10.1108/IES-07-2020-0026
  29. Lee, C. D., Kim, M. Y., Lee, M. J., Kang, J., & Foster, E. R. (2023). The relationship between active, balanced participation and well-being in older adults in the United States: A time-use perspective. Journal of Occupational Science, 30(2), 175-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2020.1869584
  30. Leighton, K., Kardong-Edgren, S., Schneidereith, T., & Foisy-Doll, C. (2021). Using social media and snowball sampling as an alternative recruitment strategy for research. Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 55, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2021.03.006
  31. Liu, S., Xiao, H., Qi, P., Song, M., Gao, Y., Pi, H., & Su, Q. (2025). The relationships among positive coping style, psychological resilience, and fear of falling in older adults. BMC geriatrics, 25(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05682-6
  32. Malone, J., & Dadswell, A. (2018). The role of religion, spirituality and/or belief in positive ageing for older adults. Geriatrics, 3(2), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3020028
  33. Mohamad Sabri, M. Q., Dahlan, A., Thurasamy, R., & Daud, A. Z. C. (2021). The Concept of Occupational Balance Following Retirement: a Scoping Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 17(3).
  34. Mohammad Hanipah, J., Mat Ludin, A. F., Singh, D. K. A., Subramaniam, P., & Shahar, S. (2025). Motivation, barriers and preferences of lifestyle changes among older adults with frailty and mild cognitive impairments: A scoping review of qualitative analysis. PloS one, 20(1), e0314100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314100
  35. Mudave, M. N. (2025). The Impact of Nurses' Personal Religious and Spiritual Beliefs on Their Well-Being in Balancing Work-Family Conflict. Impact: Journal of Transformation, 9(2), 51-69. https://doi.org/10.63988/ZTPP2672
  36. Nilsson, H. (2023). The four-dimensional model of mindful sustainable aging: A holistic alternative. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 35(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2022.2083743
  37. Noto, S. (2023). Perspectives on Aging and Quality of Life. Healthcare 11(15), 2131. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152131
  38. Pachana, N. A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2021). Better later than never: Meaning in late life. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 693116. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693116
  39. Park, M.-O., & Lee, J.-H. (2022). Role value, occupational balance, and quality of life: A cross-sectional study on exploring the urban older people perspective in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 3054. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19053054
  40. Park, S., Lee, H. J., Jeon, B.-J., Yoo, E.-Y., Kim, J.-B., & Park, J.-H. (2021). Effects of occupational balance on subjective health, quality of life, and health-related variables in community-dwelling older adults: A structural equation modeling approach. PloS one, 16(2), e0246887. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246887
  41. Parker, Y. (2019). The relationship between spirituality, health related quality of life and occupational balance among adults with chronic diseases University of the Western Cape]. https://hdl.handle.net/10566/11241
  42. Pekçetin, E., Pekçetin, S., Sağlamoğlu, E., & Ekici, G. (2025). Urban versus rural older adults: occupational balance and quality of life comparison. BMC geriatrics, 25(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-05694-2
  43. Platovnjak, I. (2017). The relationship between spirituality, religion, and culture. Studia Gdańskie, 41, 117-125.
  44. Pratama, G. F., & Boediman, L. M. (2025). Religious coping among muslim parents of children with disabilities: a narrative review. Insight: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 27(2), 122-134. https://doi.org/10.26486/psikologi.v27i2.4711
  45. Romero-Ayuso, D., Jara-Urzúa, A., Acevedo, M. L., & Triviño-Juárez, J. M. (2024). Occupational balance in the Chilean healthy population and its relationship with self-efficacy and quality of life. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, 32, e3642. https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO27983642
  46. Ross, S. D., Lachmann, T., Jaarsveld, S., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & Rodriguez, F. S. (2023). Creativity across the lifespan: changes with age and with dementia. BMC geriatrics, 23(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03825-1
  47. So, H., Mackenzie, L., Chapparo, C., Ranka, J., & McColl, M. A. (2025). How spirituality is understood in occupational therapy: A qualitative study. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 72(2), e70006. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.70006
  48. Stelcer, B., Bendowska, A., Karkowska, D., & Baum, E. (2023). Supporting elderly patients in strengthening their personal and spiritual health resources. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1237138. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237138
  49. Taylor, M. G., & Carr, D. (2021). Psychological resilience and health among older adults: A comparison of personal resources. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(6), 1241-1250. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa116
  50. Tuntland, H., Kjeken, I., Folkestad, B., Førland, O., & Langeland, E. (2020). Everyday occupations prioritised by older adults participating in reablement. A cross-sectional study. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 27(4), 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2019.1604800
  51. Ukpo, S. D., Imohiosen, C. E., Owot, J. A., & Ajuluchukwu, P. (2024). The impact of religious and spiritual counseling on mental health outcomes in geriatric care. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 5(6), 1538-1547.
  52. Van Leeuwen, K. M., Van Loon, M. S., Van Nes, F. A., Bosmans, J. E., De Vet, H. C., Ket, J. C., Widdershoven, G. A., & Ostelo, R. W. (2019). What does quality of life mean to older adults? A thematic synthesis. PloS one, 14(3), e0213263. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213263
  53. Wagman, P., & Håkansson, C. (2014). Introducing the occupational balance questionnaire (OBQ). Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 21(3), 227-231. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2014.900571
  54. Wagman, P., Håkansson, C., & Björklund, A. (2012). Occupational balance as used in occupational therapy: A concept analysis. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 19(4), 322-327. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2011.596219
  55. Yazdani, F., Harb, A., Rassafiani, M., Nobakht, L., & Yazdani, N. (2018). Occupational therapists’ perception of the concept of occupational balance. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 25(4), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/11038128.2017.1325934