Bu derlemede kanser hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitelerinin bakım verme sürecinden nasıl etkilendiği açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve bakım verenlere yönelik müdahaleler sunulmuştur.
📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale
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Amaç & Hipotez:Kanser, hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de ölüm sebeplerinin başında gelen, tedavi süreci uzun süren, hasta bakımının sadece hastanede değil evde de devam ettiği, hastanın olduğu kadar bakım verici olan aile üyelerinin de olumsuz etkilendiği bir hastalıktır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Hastalığı yaşayan kişinin etkilenen yaşamı kadar bakım vermekle yükümlü kişi ve kişilerin de yaşamları fiziksel, duygusal, sosyal ve ekonomik yönden etkilenmektedir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Bu derlemede kanser hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitelerinin bakım verme sürecinden nasıl etkilendiği açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve bakım verenlere yönelik müdahaleler sunulmuştur.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Bakım veren aile üyesi · müdahaleler · neoplazm
Özet
Kanser, hem dünyada hem de Türkiye’de ölüm sebeplerinin başında gelen, tedavi süreci uzun süren, hasta bakımının sadece hastanede değil evde de devam ettiği, hastanın olduğu kadar bakım verici olan aile üyelerinin de olumsuz etkilendiği bir hastalıktır. Hastalığı yaşayan kişinin etkilenen yaşamı kadar bakım vermekle yükümlü kişi ve kişilerin de yaşamları fiziksel, duygusal, sosyal ve ekonomik yönden etkilenmektedir. Bakım veren aile üyeleri hem kendi gereksinimleri ve istekleri ile hem de bakım rolünün sorumlulukları arasında denge kurmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bunu yapmaya çalışırlarken de yaşam kaliteleri bu süreçten olumsuz olarak etkilenebilmektedir. Bu derlemede kanser hastasına bakım veren aile üyelerinin yaşam kalitelerinin bakım verme sürecinden nasıl etkilendiği açıklanmaya çalışılmış ve bakım verenlere yönelik müdahaleler sunulmuştur.
Kılıç, S. T., Öz, F. (2019). Kanser Hastalarına Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Sorunları, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Müdahaleler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 195–203. https://doi.org/10.31125/hunhemsire.630828
Alptekin S. Charecteristics and quality of life analysis of caregivers of cancer patients. Medical Oncology. 2010; 27(3):607–617
Grunfeld E, Cole D, Whelan T, Clinch J, Reyno L, Earle CC, et al. Family caregiver burden: results of a longitudinal study of breast cancer patients and their principal caregivers. CMAJ 2004;170:1795–1801
Ye T, M and Zhu ML. Investigation of mental health of caregivers and patients of malignant gastrointestinal tumor. Chinese J. Health Psychol. 2005;13:38–39
Silveira MJ, Given CW, Given B, Rosland AM, Piette JD. Patient-caregiver concordance in symptom assessment and improvement in outcomes for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. ChronicIllness. 2010;6(1):46–56
Vrettos I, Kamposioras K, Kontodimopoulos N, Pappa E, Georgiadou E, Haritos D, et al. Comparing health-related quality of life of cancer patients under chemotherapy and of their caregivers. Scientific World Journal. 2012; Article ID 135283:1-9 doi:10.1100/2012/135283 6. Caruso R, Nanni MG, Riba MB, Sabato S, Grassi L. The burden of psychosocial morbidity related to cancer: patient and family issues. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2017;28:1-14
Ayabakan-Cot D, Ates E, Kurt B, Nazlican E, Akbala M. Investigation of depression and quality of life factors in cancer patients' caregivers. J BUON. 2017;22(2):524-529 8. Aubin M, Vézina L, Verreault R, Simard S, Desbiens JF, Tremblay L, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention to improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with lungcancer: study protocolfor a randomized controlled trial. 2017;18(1):304
Çivici S, Kutlu R, Çelik HH. Kanserli hasta yakınlarında depresyon ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 2011;53:248-253
Chen ML, Chu L, Chen HC. Impact of cancer patients' quality of life on that of spouse caregivers. Support Care Cancer, 2004;12:469-75
Fleming D, Sheppard V, Mangan P, Taylor K, Tallarico, Adams I, et al. Caregiving at the end of life: Perceptions of health care quality and quality of life among patients and caregivers. Journal of Painand Symptom Management. 2006;31(5):407-420
Given CW, Sikorskii A, Given BA, Cease KB, Piette JD. A web-based program to engage informal caregivers to support patients through chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 10;33(29_suppl):90
Xia XY, Luo XW, Wang, Y. Source of burden and its effect on caregiver of advanced cancer patients. West China Med. J. 2014;29:1384–1386
Given BA, Given CW, Sherwood PR. Family and caregiver needs over the course of the cancer trajectory. J Support Oncol. 2012;10:57–64
National Alliance for Caregiving. Cancer caregiving in the U.S.: An intense, episodic, and challenging care experience [İnternet]. 2016. Erişim adresi:
Uğur Ö, Fadıloğlu ZÇ. Kanser hastasına bakım verenlerde uygulanan planlı eğitimin bakım veren yükü üzerine etkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2012;53-58
Hacıalioğlu N, Özer N, Yılmaz E, Erdem N, Erci B. The quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients in the east of Turkey. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2010; 14(3):211-217
Cohen, J. Social, emotional, ethical and academic education: Creating a climate for learning, participation in democracy andwell-being. Harvard Educational Review. 2006;76 (2): 201-237
Doumit MA, Huijer HA-S, Kelley JH, Nassar N. The lived experience of Lebanese family caregivers of cancer patients. Cancer Nurs. 2008;31: E36–42
Yeh PM, Wierenga M, Yuan SC. Influences of psychological well-being, quality of caregiver-patient relationship, and family support on the health of family caregivers for cancer patients in Taiwan. Asian Nursing Research. 2009;3(4):154-166
Karabulutlu E, Akyıl R, Karaman S, Karaca M. Kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerin uyku kalitesi ve psikolojik sorunlarının incelenmesi. Türk Onkoloji Dergisi. 2013;28(1):1-9
Given BA, Given CW, Sherwood P. The Challenge of Quality Cancer Care for Family Caregivers. Semin OncolNurs. 2012;30:205–212
Chun-Yi Lee, Yu Lee, Liang-JenWang, Chih-Yen Chien, Fu-MinFang, Pao-Yen Lin. Depression, anxiety, quality of life, and predictors of depressive disorders in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer: A six-month follow-upstudy. 2017;100:29-34 24. Kızılcı S. Kemoterapi alan kanserli hastalar ve yakınlarının yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 1999; 3:19-22
Öksüz E, Barış N, Arslan F, Ateş MA. Kemoterapi alan hastalara bakım verenlerin psikiyatrik semptom düzeyleri ve bakım verme yükleri. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2013;7(1):24-30
Li Q, Lin Y, Xu Y, Zhou H. The impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life in Chinese cancer patient-family caregiver dyads, a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16:230
Chen SC, Tsai MC, Liu CL, Yu WP, Liao CT, Chang JTC. Support needs of patients with oral cancer and burden to their family caregivers. Cancer Nursing. 2009; 32(6), 473-481
Fridriksdóttir N, Sævarsdóttir P, Halfdánardóttir SI, Jónsdóttir A, Magnúsdóttir H, Ólafsdóttir KL, et al. Family members of cancer patients: needs, quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Acta Oncol. 2011;50:252–258 29. Park B, Kim SY, Shin JY, Sansonfishe RW, Shin DW, Cho J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among family caregivers of cancer patients: a nationwide survey of patient-family caregiver dyads in Korea. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21:2799–2807
Fletcher BS, Miaskowski C, Given B,Schumacher K. The cancer family caregiving experience: an updated and expanded con-ceptual model. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2012;16(4):387–398
Iconomou G, Vagenakis AG, Kalofonos HP. The informational needs, satisfaction with communication, and psychological status ofprimary caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(8):591–596
Dumont S, Turgeon J, Allard P, Gagnon P, Charbonneau C, Vezina L. Caring for a love done with advanced cancer: determinantsof psychological distress in family caregivers. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(4):912–921
Tang ST, Li CY, Liao YC. Factors associated with depressive distress among Taiwanese family caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life. Palliat Med. 2007;21(3):249–257
Lee YH, Liao YC, Liao WY, Shun SC, Liu YC, Chan JC, et al. Anxiety, depression and related factors in family caregivers of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients before first treatment. Psycho-Oncology. 2013;22:2617-2623 35. Stenberg U, Ruland CM, Miaskowski C. Review of the literature on the effects of caring for a patient with cancer. Psycho‐Oncology. 2010;19(10): 1013–1025
Deshields TL, Rihanek A, Potter P, Zhang Q, Kuhrik M, Kuhrik N, et al. Psychosocial aspects of caregiving: Perceptions of cancer patients and family caregivers. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2012;20(2):349–356
Li Y, Qiao Y, Luan X, Li S, Kefang Wang K. Family resilience and psychological well‐being among Chinese breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. European journal of cancer care. 2019; 28(2):e12984
Edwards B, Clarke V, The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis on families: the influence of family functioning and patients’ illness characteristics on depression and anxiety. Psycho-Oncology. 2004;13:562-756
Lim HA, Griva K, Yoong RK, Chua J, Leow MQ, Chan MF, et al. Do caregivers of cancer patients receiving care in home hospice services have better quality of life? An exploratory investigation in Singapore. Psychooncology. 2015;25(4):471-474 40. Fridriksdottir N, Sævardottir P, Halfdanardottir SI, Jonsdottir A, Magnusdottir H, Olafsdottir KL, et al. Family members of cancer patients: needs, quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Acta Oncologica.2011;50: 252-258
Matthews BA, Baker F, Spillers R. Family caregivers’ quality of life: influence of health protective stance and emotional strain. Psychology and Health 2004;19:625-641
Fu F, Zhao H, Tong F, Chi I. A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions to Cancer Caregivers. Front Psychol. 2017;8:834 43. Given B, Sherwood PR, Given CW. What knowledge and skills do caregivers need? Am J Nurs. 2008;108:28–34
Potter P, Perry AG. Fundamentals of Nursing USA: ElsevierCompany, 2005
Mitchell GK, Girgis A, Jiwa M, Sibbritt D, Burridge LH, Senior HE. Providing general practice needs-based care for carers of people with advanced cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Gen. Practice. 2013;63:683–690
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Yıldız E, Dedeli Ö, Pakyüz SÇ. Kanser Hastalarına Bakım Veren Aile Üyelerinin Bakım Yükü ve Yaşam Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. Hemşirelikte Eğitim Ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2016;13 (3):216-225
Kaynar GÖ, Vural F. Kolorektal Kanserli Hastalara Bakım Verenlerin Bakım Yükünün İncelenmesi. Turk J Colorectal Dis. 2018;28:164-171
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Alptekin S. Charecteristics and quality of life analysis of caregivers of cancer patients. Medical Oncology. 2010; 27(3):607–617
Grunfeld E, Cole D, Whelan T, Clinch J, Reyno L, Earle CC, et al. Family caregiver burden: results of a longitudinal study of breast cancer patients and their principal caregivers. CMAJ 2004;170:1795–1801
Ye T, M and Zhu ML. Investigation of mental health of caregivers and patients of malignant gastrointestinal tumor. Chinese J. Health Psychol. 2005;13:38–39
Silveira MJ, Given CW, Given B, Rosland AM, Piette JD. Patient-caregiver concordance in symptom assessment and improvement in outcomes for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. ChronicIllness. 2010;6(1):46–56
Vrettos I, Kamposioras K, Kontodimopoulos N, Pappa E, Georgiadou E, Haritos D, et al. Comparing health-related quality of life of cancer patients under chemotherapy and of their caregivers. Scientific World Journal. 2012; Article ID 135283:1-9 doi:10.1100/2012/135283 6. Caruso R, Nanni MG, Riba MB, Sabato S, Grassi L. The burden of psychosocial morbidity related to cancer: patient and family issues. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2017;28:1-14
Ayabakan-Cot D, Ates E, Kurt B, Nazlican E, Akbala M. Investigation of depression and quality of life factors in cancer patients' caregivers. J BUON. 2017;22(2):524-529 8. Aubin M, Vézina L, Verreault R, Simard S, Desbiens JF, Tremblay L, et al. Effectiveness of an intervention to improve supportive care for family caregivers of patients with lungcancer: study protocolfor a randomized controlled trial. 2017;18(1):304
Çivici S, Kutlu R, Çelik HH. Kanserli hasta yakınlarında depresyon ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Gülhane Tıp Dergisi, 2011;53:248-253
Chen ML, Chu L, Chen HC. Impact of cancer patients' quality of life on that of spouse caregivers. Support Care Cancer, 2004;12:469-75
Fleming D, Sheppard V, Mangan P, Taylor K, Tallarico, Adams I, et al. Caregiving at the end of life: Perceptions of health care quality and quality of life among patients and caregivers. Journal of Painand Symptom Management. 2006;31(5):407-420
Given CW, Sikorskii A, Given BA, Cease KB, Piette JD. A web-based program to engage informal caregivers to support patients through chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2015; 10;33(29_suppl):90
Xia XY, Luo XW, Wang, Y. Source of burden and its effect on caregiver of advanced cancer patients. West China Med. J. 2014;29:1384–1386
Given BA, Given CW, Sherwood PR. Family and caregiver needs over the course of the cancer trajectory. J Support Oncol. 2012;10:57–64
National Alliance for Caregiving. Cancer caregiving in the U.S.: An intense, episodic, and challenging care experience [İnternet]. 2016. Erişim adresi:
Uğur Ö, Fadıloğlu ZÇ. Kanser hastasına bakım verenlerde uygulanan planlı eğitimin bakım veren yükü üzerine etkisi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2012;53-58
Hacıalioğlu N, Özer N, Yılmaz E, Erdem N, Erci B. The quality of life of family caregivers of cancer patients in the east of Turkey. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2010; 14(3):211-217
Cohen, J. Social, emotional, ethical and academic education: Creating a climate for learning, participation in democracy andwell-being. Harvard Educational Review. 2006;76 (2): 201-237
Doumit MA, Huijer HA-S, Kelley JH, Nassar N. The lived experience of Lebanese family caregivers of cancer patients. Cancer Nurs. 2008;31: E36–42
Yeh PM, Wierenga M, Yuan SC. Influences of psychological well-being, quality of caregiver-patient relationship, and family support on the health of family caregivers for cancer patients in Taiwan. Asian Nursing Research. 2009;3(4):154-166
Karabulutlu E, Akyıl R, Karaman S, Karaca M. Kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerin uyku kalitesi ve psikolojik sorunlarının incelenmesi. Türk Onkoloji Dergisi. 2013;28(1):1-9
Given BA, Given CW, Sherwood P. The Challenge of Quality Cancer Care for Family Caregivers. Semin OncolNurs. 2012;30:205–212
Chun-Yi Lee, Yu Lee, Liang-JenWang, Chih-Yen Chien, Fu-MinFang, Pao-Yen Lin. Depression, anxiety, quality of life, and predictors of depressive disorders in caregivers of patients with head and neck cancer: A six-month follow-upstudy. 2017;100:29-34 24. Kızılcı S. Kemoterapi alan kanserli hastalar ve yakınlarının yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi. 1999; 3:19-22
Öksüz E, Barış N, Arslan F, Ateş MA. Kemoterapi alan hastalara bakım verenlerin psikiyatrik semptom düzeyleri ve bakım verme yükleri. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2013;7(1):24-30
Li Q, Lin Y, Xu Y, Zhou H. The impact of depression and anxiety on quality of life in Chinese cancer patient-family caregiver dyads, a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018;16:230
Chen SC, Tsai MC, Liu CL, Yu WP, Liao CT, Chang JTC. Support needs of patients with oral cancer and burden to their family caregivers. Cancer Nursing. 2009; 32(6), 473-481
Fridriksdóttir N, Sævarsdóttir P, Halfdánardóttir SI, Jónsdóttir A, Magnúsdóttir H, Ólafsdóttir KL, et al. Family members of cancer patients: needs, quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Acta Oncol. 2011;50:252–258 29. Park B, Kim SY, Shin JY, Sansonfishe RW, Shin DW, Cho J, et al. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression among family caregivers of cancer patients: a nationwide survey of patient-family caregiver dyads in Korea. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21:2799–2807
Fletcher BS, Miaskowski C, Given B,Schumacher K. The cancer family caregiving experience: an updated and expanded con-ceptual model. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2012;16(4):387–398
Iconomou G, Vagenakis AG, Kalofonos HP. The informational needs, satisfaction with communication, and psychological status ofprimary caregivers of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2001;9(8):591–596
Dumont S, Turgeon J, Allard P, Gagnon P, Charbonneau C, Vezina L. Caring for a love done with advanced cancer: determinantsof psychological distress in family caregivers. J Palliat Med. 2006;9(4):912–921
Tang ST, Li CY, Liao YC. Factors associated with depressive distress among Taiwanese family caregivers of cancer patients at the end of life. Palliat Med. 2007;21(3):249–257
Lee YH, Liao YC, Liao WY, Shun SC, Liu YC, Chan JC, et al. Anxiety, depression and related factors in family caregivers of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients before first treatment. Psycho-Oncology. 2013;22:2617-2623 35. Stenberg U, Ruland CM, Miaskowski C. Review of the literature on the effects of caring for a patient with cancer. Psycho‐Oncology. 2010;19(10): 1013–1025
Deshields TL, Rihanek A, Potter P, Zhang Q, Kuhrik M, Kuhrik N, et al. Psychosocial aspects of caregiving: Perceptions of cancer patients and family caregivers. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2012;20(2):349–356
Li Y, Qiao Y, Luan X, Li S, Kefang Wang K. Family resilience and psychological well‐being among Chinese breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. European journal of cancer care. 2019; 28(2):e12984
Edwards B, Clarke V, The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis on families: the influence of family functioning and patients’ illness characteristics on depression and anxiety. Psycho-Oncology. 2004;13:562-756
Lim HA, Griva K, Yoong RK, Chua J, Leow MQ, Chan MF, et al. Do caregivers of cancer patients receiving care in home hospice services have better quality of life? An exploratory investigation in Singapore. Psychooncology. 2015;25(4):471-474 40. Fridriksdottir N, Sævardottir P, Halfdanardottir SI, Jonsdottir A, Magnusdottir H, Olafsdottir KL, et al. Family members of cancer patients: needs, quality of life and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Acta Oncologica.2011;50: 252-258
Matthews BA, Baker F, Spillers R. Family caregivers’ quality of life: influence of health protective stance and emotional strain. Psychology and Health 2004;19:625-641
Fu F, Zhao H, Tong F, Chi I. A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions to Cancer Caregivers. Front Psychol. 2017;8:834 43. Given B, Sherwood PR, Given CW. What knowledge and skills do caregivers need? Am J Nurs. 2008;108:28–34
Potter P, Perry AG. Fundamentals of Nursing USA: ElsevierCompany, 2005
Mitchell GK, Girgis A, Jiwa M, Sibbritt D, Burridge LH, Senior HE. Providing general practice needs-based care for carers of people with advanced cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Gen. Practice. 2013;63:683–690
Görgülü Ü, Akdemin N, İleri evre kanser hastalarına bakım verenlerin yorgunluk ve uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Genel Tıp Derg. 2010;20(4):125-132 47. Orak OS, Sezgin S. Kanser hastasına bakım veren aile bireylerinin bakım verme yüklerinin belirlenmesi. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2015;6(1):33-39
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