KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 15 Issue: 3

Radioactive Waste Management Challenges in Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Policy: The Akkuyu NPP BOO Model

Celal Tuğrul Zeyrek(ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, NÜKLEER BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0001-6744-7841
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-30
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Recommendations are offered to mitigate uncertainties, strengthen regulatory clarity, and ensure that Türkiye’s nuclear energy policy adequately prepares for the safe and sustainable management of radioactive waste in the Akkuyu NPP and beyond.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:As of now, Türkiye has not commissioned any nuclear reactors to produce electricity; however, a major project is being completed with the Russian Federation under a Build-Own-Operate (BOO) model and is expected to begin operations towards the end of 2026.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Relevant legislation, particularly concerning low-level radioactive waste generated by radiation facilities, is examined to contextualize the regulatory framework.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Recommendations are offered to mitigate uncertainties, strengthen regulatory clarity, and ensure that Türkiye’s nuclear energy policy adequately prepares for the safe and sustainable management of radioactive waste in the Akkuyu NPP and beyond.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:2026 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Nuclear energy · Radioactive waste management · Build-own-operate model

Abstract

As of now, Türkiye has not commissioned any nuclear reactors to produce electricity; however, a major project is being completed with the Russian Federation under a Build-Own-Operate (BOO) model and is expected to begin operations towards the end of 2026. The Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) represents not only a milestone in diversifying Türkiye’s energy portfolio and transferring nuclear technology knowledge, but also introduces the country to the complex challenge of managing radioactive waste for the first time. This study provides an overview of Türkiye’s nuclear energy policy, the implementation and licensing process of the Akkuyu NPP, and the historical development and current status of radioactive waste management practices. Relevant legislation, particularly concerning low-level radioactive waste generated by radiation facilities, is examined to contextualize the regulatory framework. The analysis highlights the uncertainties, advantages, and disadvantages of the BOO model in relation to radioactive waste management, with special emphasis on legal mechanisms established under Turkish law. Recommendations are offered to mitigate uncertainties, strengthen regulatory clarity, and ensure that Türkiye’s nuclear energy policy adequately prepares for the safe and sustainable management of radioactive waste in the Akkuyu NPP and beyond.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Zeyrek, C. T. (2026). Radioactive Waste Management Challenges in Türkiye’s Nuclear Energy Policy: The Akkuyu NPP BOO Model. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Volume: 15 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1924657

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (34)

  1. V.A. Gordienko, S. N. Brykin, R. E. Kuzin, I. S. Serebryakov, M. V. Starkov, and T. N. Tairov, “Nuclear power pros and cons: a comparative analysis of radioactive emissions from nuclear power plants and thermal power plants,” Mosc. Univ. Phys. Bull., vol. 67, pp. 120–127, 2012.
  2. A. Adamantiades and I. Kessides, “Nuclear power for sustainable development: current status and future prospects,” Energy Pol., vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 5149–5166, 2009.
  3. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Disposal Options for Disused Radioactive Sources, Technical Reports Series No. 43.” Vienna: IAEA, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www.iaea.org/publications/7185/disposal-options-for-disused-radioactive-sources
  4. C.T. Zeyrek, “A proposal study for storage and disposal of low-level radioactive waste in salt cavities of Anatolian region, Türkiye” International Conference on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Decommissioning, Environmental Protection and Remediation: Ensuring Safety and Enabling Sustainability (CN-318), IAEA Headquarters, Vienna, Nov. 6–10, 2023. 6–10 2023. [Online]. Available: https://conferences.iaea.org/event/330/contributions/28295/
  5. Official Journal of the Turkish Government, “Presidential Decree amending certain Presidential Decrees,” no. 31080, Mar. 31, 2020.
  6. A. Wimmer, F. Böse, J. Beppler, P. Morawe, M. Weber, and C. von Hirschhausen, “(Re)integrating radioactive materials and waste into a global sustainable development context,” Radiat. Environ. Biophys., vol. 63, pp. 519–536, 2024.
  7. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Solid Radioactive Wastes in Rock Cavities, Safety Series No. 19: A Guidebook”. Vienna: IAEA, 1983. [Online]. Available: https://inis.iaea.org/records/57fx8-vr652
  8. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Disposal of Low Activity Radioactive Waste”. Vienna: IAEA, 2005. [Online]. Available: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1224_Web.pdf
  9. Republic of Türkiye, Official Journal, “Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Türkiye (IGA) on cooperation in the area of construction and operation of the nuclear power plant at ‘Akkuyu’ site in the Republic of Türkiye,” May 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2010/10/20101006-6-1.pdf
  10. Republic of Türkiye, Presidential Decree, “Nuclear Regulatory Law,” Official Journal of the Turkish Government, no. 31772, Mar. 8, 2022.
  11. C. T. Zeyrek and H. Akbıyık, “Development of human resources through awareness education and training activities on occupational radiation protection for industrial radiography in Türkiye,” J. Mater. Educ., vol. 38, no. 5–6, pp. 191–201, 2016.
  12. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Classification of Radioactive Waste: General Safety Guide, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG-1". Vienna: IAEA, 2009. [Online]. Available: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1419_web.pdf
  13. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Selection of Technical Solutions for the Management of Radioactive Waste, TECDOC-1817”. Vienna: IAEA, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.iaea.org/publications/12217/selection-of-technical-solutions-for-the-management-of-radioactive-waste
  14. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Türkiye's International Energy Strategy”. Ankara: MFA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye_nin-enerji-stratejisi.tr.mfa
  15. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Nuclear Power Reactors in the World, 2025 Edition, Reference Data Series No. 2”. Vienna: IAEA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/RDS-2-45_web.pdf
  16. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Country Nuclear Power Profiles, CNPP 2025”. Vienna: IAEA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://cnpp.iaea.org/public/
  17. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, “Türkiye's National Energy Plan, 2022”. Ankara: MENR, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/eigm-raporlari
  18. Nuclear Regulatory Authority, “Licensing of Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant: Authorization of Nuclear Facilities”. Ankara: NRA, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.ndk.gov.tr/en-US/licensing-of-akkuyu-nuclear-power-plant
  19. Republic of Türkiye, Ministerial Order, “Turkish Atomic Energy Authority Law,” Official Journal of the Turkish Government, no. 2690, 1982.
  20. Republic of Türkiye, Presidential Decree, “Organization and Nuclear Regulatory Changes in Some Laws and Duties Declaration on the Decision of the Law,” Official Journal of the Turkish Government, no. 30473, Jul. 9, 2018.
  21. Republic of Türkiye, Presidential Decree, “The Regulation on Licensing of Nuclear Facilities,” Official Journal of the Turkish Government, no. 18256, Dec. 19, 1983.
  22. Republic of Türkiye, Presidential Decree, “Accounts Management with Radioactive Waste Management Special Account and Extracting Special Account Regulations Regarding the Board,” Official Journal of the Turkish Government, no. 32104, Feb. 14, 2023.
  23. International Atomic Energy Agency, *Alternative Contracting and Ownership Approaches for New Nuclear Power Plants, TECDOC-1750*. Vienna: IAEA, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.iaea.org/publications/15682/contracting-and-ownership-approaches-for-new-nuclear-power-plants
  24. A. A. Duru, “The implementation of Türkiye's nuclear energy policy,” Energy Strateg. Rev., vol. 59, 101737, 2025.
  25. E. Batyrbekov, V. Vityuk, D. Zarva, and M. Sharipov, “Conceptual view of the implementation of the nuclear energy program in the Republic of Kazakhstan,” Energies, vol. 17, 5788, 2024.
  26. A. Brunnengräber, M. R. Di Nucci, A. M. I. Losada, L. Mez, M. A. Schreurs, Challenges of Nuclear Waste Governance, An International Comparison Volume II, Springer VS Wiesbaden, 2018.
  27. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste, Specific Safety Guide, IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SSG-14”. Vienna: IAEA, 2011. [Online]. Available: https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/pub1483_web.pdf
  28. A. S. Dedusenko, T. V. Ivanov, Y. V. Chernyakhovskaya, O. Ulasevich, N. Yamac, and I. Bulvari, “Akkuyu NPP project based on the BOO approach: Türkiye,” in Alternative Contracting and Ownership Approaches for New Nuclear Power Plants, TECDOC-1750. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017, pp. 53–60.
  29. Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Environment, “Urbanization and Climate Change: National Waste Management Strategy Plan, 2025–2035”. Ankara: Ministry of Environment, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://cygm.csb.gov.tr/ulusal-atik-yonetimi-stratejisi-ve-plani-ile-2035-e-kadar-atik-yonetiminde-yeni-donem-duyuru-466099
  30. M. R. Di Nucci, A. Brunnengräber, and A. M. Isidoro Losada, “From the ‘right to know’ to the ‘right to object’ and ‘decide’. A comparative perspective on participation in siting procedures for high level radioactive waste repositories,” Prog. Nuclear Energy, vol. 100, pp. 316–325, 2017.
  31. R. de La Vaissière and J. Talandier, “Meuse/Haute-Marne underground research laboratory, France,” J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 20–38, 2026.
  32. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Regulating the Long-term Safety of Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste: Practical Issues and Challenges, Workshop Proceedings, Paris, France, 28–30 Nov. 2006”. Paris: OECD, 2008.
  33. J. P. Bouttes, *Nuclear Waste: A Comprehensive Approach (2) Solutions to Limit Effective Risks*. Paris: Fondation pour l’Innovation Politique, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.fondapol.org/en/study/nuclear-waste-a-comprehensive-approach-2/
  34. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Guidebook on Spent Fuel Storage Options and Systems, Third Edition, Technical Reports Series No. 240”. Vienna: IAEA, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://nucleus.iaea.org/sites/connect/SFMpublic/SF%20Guide%20book/www/index.html#/reader