KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

İnsan Beyninde Erişkin Hipokampal Nörogenez

Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Human Brain

Ayla Batu Öztürk(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, HİSTOLOJİ VE EMBRİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-3221-4292
Nail Can Öztürk(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ANATOMİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-9459-2120
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2026-03-25
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bu derleme yazısında, erişkin hipokampal nörogenez hakkında araştırmalar gerçekleştirmeyi planlayan, konuyla yeni tanışmış araştırmacılara hücresel, moleküler, histolojik, davranışsal ve türler arasında karşılaştırma anlamında elde edilmiş olan bilgiler derlenerek sunulmuştur.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Doğumdan sonra, nöron üretiminin olduğunun ilk defa gösterilmesinden yaklaşık yarım asır sonra, son 30 yılda erişkin nörogenez alanında binlerce makale yayınlanmıştır.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:On yıllar süren araştırmalar neticesinde, fare ve sıçan gibi sık kullanılan laboratuvar hayvanlarında erişkin hipokampal nörogenezin (EHN) gerçekleştiği ve fonksiyonel önemi bilinmektedir.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bu derleme yazısında, erişkin hipokampal nörogenez hakkında araştırmalar gerçekleştirmeyi planlayan, konuyla yeni tanışmış araştırmacılara hücresel, moleküler, histolojik, davranışsal ve türler arasında karşılaştırma anlamında elde edilmiş olan bilgiler derlenerek sunulmuştur.
🔬Tür:Laboratuvar & Saha Deneyi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Hipokampus · Erişkin hipokampal nörogenez · Nöronal farklılaşma

Özet

Doğumdan sonra, nöron üretiminin olduğunun ilk defa gösterilmesinden yaklaşık yarım asır sonra, son 30 yılda erişkin nörogenez alanında binlerce makale yayınlanmıştır. On yıllar süren araştırmalar neticesinde, fare ve sıçan gibi sık kullanılan laboratuvar hayvanlarında erişkin hipokampal nörogenezin (EHN) gerçekleştiği ve fonksiyonel önemi bilinmektedir. Ancak insan beyninde EHN’nin işleyişi ile ilgili bilgi seviyesi oldukça zayıftır. Doğum sonrasında insan beyninde nöron üretimi olup olmadığı ve var ise bunların hipokampal fonksiyonlarla ve hastalıklarla ilişkileri çok az düzeyde bilinmektedir. Bu derleme yazısında, erişkin hipokampal nörogenez hakkında araştırmalar gerçekleştirmeyi planlayan, konuyla yeni tanışmış araştırmacılara hücresel, moleküler, histolojik, davranışsal ve türler arasında karşılaştırma anlamında elde edilmiş olan bilgiler derlenerek sunulmuştur.

Abstract

Nearly half a century after the first demonstration of neuron production in the postnatal brain, similar to that occurring during fetal development, thousands of articles in the field of adult neurogenesis have been published in the last 30 years. As a result of decades of efforts, it is now clear that there is adult hippocampal neurogenesis in experimental animals such as mice and rats. However, the knowledge regarding adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the human brain is at a level that can only argue whether there are post-mitotic neurons and similar neuron-like cells. Yet, there is no full consensus on whether there is continuous neuron production in the human brain from birth to death and there is still much to learn whether those neurons are relevant to human hippocampal functions and diseases. In this review article, a summary regarding the cellular, molecular, histological, behavioral and interspecies comparison behind adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its relevance to the human brain is provided to researchers who are new to the subject.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Öztürk, A. B., Öztürk, N. C. (2026). İnsan Beyninde Erişkin Hipokampal Nörogenez. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1. https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1617398

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (55)

  1. Altman J, Das GD. Autoradiographic and histological evidence of postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis in rats. J Comp Neurol. 1965;124(3):319-35.
  2. Kaplan MS. Formation and turnover of neurons in young and senescent animals: an electronmicroscopic and morphometric analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1985;457:173-92.
  3. Yücel F, Şen K, Duran O, Özcan M, Küçükgedik G. Nörogenez İnsanlarda Hayat Boyunca Devam Eder mi?. TÖAD. 2020; 2(1):1-4.
  4. Kaptan Z, Uzum G. The Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Learning and Memory Function. Turkish Journal of Neorology. 2016; 4:149-55.
  5. Ekici O ve Şimşek G. Yetişkin Memeli Beyninde Nörogenez ve Koku Duyusu ile İlişkisi. Balıkesir Medical Journal. 2024; 8(1):35-56.
  6. Christian KM, Ming GL, Song H. Adult neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus: Predicting function from form. Behav Brain Res. 2020;379:112346.
  7. Denoth-Lippuner A, Jessberger S. Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021;22(4):223-236.
  8. Hodge RD, Nelson BR, Kahoud RJ, Yang R, Mussar KE, Reiner SL, Hevner RF. Tbr2 is essential for hippocampal lineage progression from neural stem cells to intermediate progenitors and neurons. J Neurosci. 2012;32(18):6275-6287.
  9. Ribeiro, F.F., Xapelli, S. An Overview of Adult Neurogenesis. In: Calzà, L., Aloe, L., Giardino, L. (eds) Recent Advances in NGF and Related Molecules. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2021; vol 1331. Springer, Cham.
  10. Song J, Zhong C, Bonaguidi MA, Sun GJ, Hsu D, Gu Y, Meletis K, Huang ZJ, Ge S, Enikolopov G, Deisseroth K, Luscher B, Christian KM, Ming G, Song H. Neuronal circuitry mechanism regulating adult quiescent neural stem-cell fate decision. Nature. 2012;489(7414):150-154.
  11. Zhang J, Jiao J. Molecular Biomarkers for Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cell and Neurogenesis. Biomed Res Int. 2015;727542.
  12. Kempermann G, Song H, Gage FH. Neurogenesis in the Adult Hippocampus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015;7(9):a018812.
  13. Artegiani B, Lyubimova A, Muraro M, van Es JH, van Oudenaarden A, Clevers H. A Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Study Reveals Cellular and Molecular Dynamics of the Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche. Cell Rep. 2017;21(11):3271-3284.
  14. Gonçalves JT, Schafer ST, Gage FH. Adult Neurogenesis in the Hippocampus: From Stem Cells to Behavior. Cell. 2016;167(4):897-914.
  15. Minatohara K, Akiyoshi M, Okuno H. Role of Immediate-Early Genes in Synaptic Plasticity and Neuronal Ensembles Underlying the Memory Trace. Front Mol Neurosci. 2016;8:78. Published 2016 Jan 5.
  16. Schultz C, Engelhardt M. Anatomy of the hippocampal formation. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2014;34:6-17.
  17. Fogwe LA, Reddy V, Mesfin FB. Neuroanatomy, Hippocampus. [Updated 2023 Jul 20]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482171/
  18. Reha Erzurumlu, Gulgun Sengul, Emel Ulupinar, Chapter 7 - Limbic system, Editor(s): Reha Erzurumlu, Gulgun Sengul, Emel Ulupinar, Human Neuroanatomy, Academic Press, 2024, Pages 95-119, ISBN 9780323997256,
  19. Knierim JJ. The hippocampus. Curr Biol. 2015;25(23):R1116-R1121.
  20. Christian KM, Ming GL, Song H. Adult neurogenesis and the dentate gyrus: Predicting function from form. Behav Brain Res. 2020;379:112346.
  21. Oppenheim RW. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mammals (and Humans): The Death of a Central Dogma in Neuroscience and its Replacement by a New Dogma. Dev Neurobiol. 2019;79(3):268-280.
  22. Van Dijk RM, Wiget F, Wolfer DP, Slomianka L, Amrein I. Consistent within-group covariance of septal and temporal hippocampal neurogenesis with behavioral phenotypes for exploration and memory retention across wild and laboratory small rodents. Behav Brain Res. 2019;372:112034.
  23. Yu RQ, Cooke M, Seib DR, Zhao J, Snyder JS. Adult neurogenesis promotes efficient, nonspecific search strategies in a spatial alternation water maze task. Behav Brain Res. 2019;376:112151.
  24. Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Björk-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA, Gage FH. Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med. 1998;4(11):1313-1317.
  25. Ernst A, Alkass K, Bernard S, Salehpour M, Perl S, Tisdale J, Possnert G, Druid H, Frisén J. Neurogenesis in the striatum of the adult human brain. Cell. 2014;156(5):1072-1083.
  26. Knoth R, Singec I, Ditter M, Pantazis G, Capetian P, Mayer RP, Horvat V, Volk B, Kempermann G. Murine features of neurogenesis in the human hippocampus across the lifespan from 0 to 100 years. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8809.
  27. Spalding KL, Bergmann O, Alkass K, Bernard S, Salehpour M, Huttner HB, Boström E, Westerlund I, Vial C, Buchholz BA, Possnert G, Mash DC, Druid H, Frisén J. Dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult humans. Cell. 2013;153(6):1219-1227.
  28. Dennis CV, Suh LS, Rodriguez ML, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Human adult neurogenesis across the ages: An immunohistochemical study. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2016;42(7):621-638.
  29. Cipriani S, Ferrer I, Aronica E, Kovacs GG, Verney C, Nardelli J, Khung S, Delezoide AL, Milenkovic I, Rasika S, Manivet P, Benifla JL, Deriot N, Gressens P, Adle-Biassette H. Hippocampal Radial Glial Subtypes and Their Neurogenic Potential in Human Fetuses and Healthy and Alzheimer's Disease Adults. Cereb Cortex. 2018;28(7):2458-2478.
  30. Sorrells SF, Paredes MF, Cebrian-Silla A, Sandoval K, Qi D, Kelley KW, James D, Mayer S, Chang J, Auguste KI, Chang EF, Gutierrez AJ, Kriegstein AR, Mathern GW, Oldham MC, Huang EJ, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Yang Z, Alvarez-Buylla A. Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults. Nature. 2018;555(7696):377-381.
  31. Boldrini M, Fulmore CA, Tartt AN, Simeon LR, Pavlova I, Poposka V, Rosoklija GB, Stankov A, Arango V, Dwork AJ, Hen R, Mann JJ. Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists Throughout Aging. Cell Stem Cell. 2018;22(4):589-599.e5.
  32. Moreno-Jiménez EP, Terreros-Roncal J, Flor-García M, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Evidences for Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Humans. J Neurosci. 2021;41(12):2541-2553.
  33. Gomez-Nicola D, Suzzi S, Vargas-Caballero M, Fransen NL, Al-Malki H, Cebrian-Silla A, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Riecken K, Fehse B, Perry VH. Temporal dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic neurodegeneration. Brain. 2014;137(Pt 8):2312-2328.
  34. Bayer R, Franke H, Ficker C, Richter M, Lessig R, Büttner A, Weber M. Alterations of neuronal precursor cells in stages of human adult neurogenesis in heroin addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015;156:139-149.
  35. D'Alessio L, Konopka H, Escobar E, Acuña A, Oddo S, Solís P, Seoane E, Kochen S. Dentate gyrus expression of nestin-immunoreactivity in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Seizure. 2015;27:75-79.
  36. Ekonomou A, Savva GM, Brayne C, Forster G, Francis PT, Johnson M, Perry EK, Attems J, Somani A, Minger SL, Ballard CG. Stage-specific changes in neurogenic and glial markers in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2015;77(8):711-719.
  37. Allen KM, Fung SJ, Weickert CS. Cell proliferation is reduced in the hippocampus in schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2016;50(5):473-480.
  38. Galán L, Gómez-Pinedo U, Guerrero A, García-Verdugo JM, Matías-Guiu J. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis modifies progenitor neural proliferation in adult classic neurogenic brain niches. BMC Neurol. 2017;17(1):173. Published 2017 Sep 6.
  39. Mathews KJ, Allen KM, Boerrigter D, Ball H, Shannon Weickert C, Double KL. Evidence for reduced neurogenesis in the aging human hippocampus despite stable stem cell markers. Aging Cell. 2017;16(5):1195-1199.
  40. Oreja-Guevara C, Gómez-Pinedo U, García-López J, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Valverde-Moyano R, Rabano-Gutierrez A, Matías-Guiu JA, González-Suárez I, Matías-Guiu J. Inhibition of neurogenesis in a case of Marburg variant multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;18:71-76.
  41. Liu JYW, Matarin M, Reeves C, McEvoy AW, Miserocchi A, Thompson P, Sisodiya SM, Thom M. Doublecortin-expressing cell types in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2018;6(1):60.
  42. Le Maître TW, Dhanabalan G, Bogdanovic N, Alkass K, Druid H. Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Proliferating Cells, Stem/Progenitor Cells, and Immature Neurons in the Adult Human Hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;43(4):690-699.
  43. Tartt AN, Fulmore CA, Liu Y, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Arango V, Hen R, Mann JJ, Boldrini M. Considerations for Assessing the Extent of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the Adult and Aging Human Brain. Cell Stem Cell. 2018;23(6):782-783.
  44. Gatt A, Ekonomou A, Somani A, Thuret S, Howlett D, Corbett A, Johnson M, Perry E, Attems J, Francis P, Aarsland D, Ballard C. Importance of Proactive Treatment of Depression in Lewy Body Dementias: The Impact on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognition in a Post-Mortem Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2017;44(5-6):283-293.
  45. Galán L, Gómez-Pinedo U, Guerrero A, García-Verdugo JM, Matías-Guiu J. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis modifies progenitor neural proliferation in adult classic neurogenic brain niches. BMC Neurol. 2017;17(1):173.
  46. Moreno-Jiménez EP, Flor-García M, Terreros-Roncal J, Rábano A, Cafini F, Pallas-Bazarra N, Ávila J, Llorens-Martín M. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is abundant in neurologically healthy subjects and drops sharply in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med. 2019;25(4):554-560.
  47. Seki T, Hori T, Miyata H, Maehara M, Namba T. Analysis of proliferating neuronal progenitors and immature neurons in the human hippocampus surgically removed from control and epileptic patients. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):18194.
  48. Tobin MK, Musaraca K, Disouky A, Shetti A, Bheri A, Honer WG, Kim N, Dawe RJ, Bennett DA, Arfanakis K, Lazarov O. Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists in Aged Adults and Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Cell Stem Cell. 2019;24(6):974-982.e3.
  49. Flor-García M, Terreros-Roncal J, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Ávila J, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Unraveling human adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nat Protoc. 2020;15(2):668-693.
  50. Franjic D, Skarica M, Ma S, Arellano JI, Tebbenkamp ATN, Choi J, Xu C, Li Q, Morozov YM, Andrijevic D, Vrselja Z, Spajic A, Santpere G, Li M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Spurrier J, Zhang L, Gudelj I, Rapan L, Takahashi H, Huttner A, Fan R, Strittmatter SM, Sousa AMM, Rakic P, Sestan N. Transcriptomic taxonomy and neurogenic trajectories of adult human, macaque, and pig hippocampal and entorhinal cells. Neuron. 2022;110(3):452-469. e14.
  51. Ammothumkandy A, Ravina K, Wolseley V, Tartt AN, Yu PN, Corona L, Zhang N, Nune G, Kalayjian L, Mann JJ, Rosoklija GB, Arango V, Dwork AJ, Lee B, Smith JAD, Song D, Berger TW, Heck C, Chow RH, Boldrini M, Liu CY, Russin JJ, Bonaguidi MA. Altered adult neurogenesis and gliogenesis in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat Neurosci. 2022;25(4):493-503.
  52. Wang W, Wang M, Yang M, Zeng B, Qiu W, Ma Q, Jing X, Zhang Q, Wang B, Yin C, Zhang J, Ge Y, Lu Y, Ji W, Wu Q, Ma C, Wang X. Transcriptome dynamics of hippocampal neurogenesis in macaques across the lifespan and aged humans. Cell Res. 2022;32(8):729-743.
  53. Yao J, Dai S, Zhu R, Tan J, Zhao Q, Yin Y, Sun J, Du X, Ge L, Xu J, Hou C, Li N, Li J, Ji W, Zhu C, Zhang R, Li T. Deciphering molecular heterogeneity and dynamics of human hippocampal neural stem cells at different ages and injury states. Elife. 2024;12:RP89507. Published 2024 Apr 12.
  54. Terreros-Roncal J, Flor-García M, Moreno-Jiménez EP, Rodríguez-Moreno CB, Márquez-Valadez B, Gallardo-Caballero M, Rábano A, Llorens-Martín M. Methods to study adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans and across the phylogeny. Hippocampus. 2023;33(4):271-306.
  55. Gage FH. Adult Neurogenesis in the Human Dentate Gyrus. Hippocampus. 2025;35(1):e23655.