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İç ortam hava kirliliği: Kaynaklar, maruziyet yolları, sağlık etkileri ve sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlar

Indoor air pollution: Sources, exposure pathways, health effects, and sustainable approaches

Zehra Bozkurt(DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0437-4109
Sayfa
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Yayın Tarihi
2026-07-30
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Literatür incelemesi, iç ortam hava kirleticilerinin hem iç ortam hem de dış ortam kökenli olabildiğini göstermektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:İç ortam hava kirliliği, insan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkiler oluşturabilen küresel bir çevre ve halk sağlığı sorunudur.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, iç ortam hava kirliliğinin başlıca kaynaklarını, kirletici türlerini, maruziyet yollarını ve sağlık etkilerini kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirmektir.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Literatür incelemesi, iç ortam hava kirleticilerinin hem iç ortam hem de dış ortam kökenli olabildiğini göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:İç ortam hava kalitesi · Sürdürülebilirlik · Partikül madde

Özet

İç ortam hava kirliliği, insan sağlığı üzerinde önemli etkiler oluşturabilen küresel bir çevre ve halk sağlığı sorunudur. İnsanların günlük yaşamlarının büyük bölümünü kapalı ortamlarda geçirmesi, kirleticilere maruziyetin önemini artırmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, iç ortam hava kirliliğinin başlıca kaynaklarını, kirletici türlerini, maruziyet yollarını ve sağlık etkilerini kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada partikül maddeler (PM₂.₅ ve PM₁₀), uçucu organik bileşikler (UOB), kalıcı organik kirleticiler (KOK) ve biyolojik kirleticilere odaklanılmıştır. Literatür incelemesi, iç ortam hava kirleticilerinin hem iç ortam hem de dış ortam kökenli olabildiğini göstermektedir. Yemek pişirme, ısıtma sistemleri, yapı malzemeleri, temizlik ürünleri ve sigara dumanı başlıca iç ortam kaynaklarını oluştururken; trafik ve endüstriyel emisyonlar infiltrasyon yoluyla iç ortamlara taşınabilen dış ortam kaynaklarıdır. Yetersiz havalandırma ve bina özellikleri, iç ortamlarda dış ortamdan gelen kirletici birikimini artırarak maruziyet düzeylerini yükseltebilmektedir. Çok sayıda çalışma, iç ortam kirleticilerine maruziyetin solunum yolu hastalıkları, kardiyovasküler etkiler, alerjik reaksiyonlar ve diğer kronik sağlık sorunları ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sürdürülebilir bina tasarımı, düşük emisyonlu malzemeler, etkili havalandırma sistemleri ve akıllı bina teknolojileri, iç ortam hava kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde önemli stratejiler sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, disiplinler arası yaklaşımlar ve uzun dönemli çalışmalar büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Abstract

Indoor air pollution is a global environmental and public health issue that can have significant impacts on human health. The fact that individuals spend the majority of their daily lives in indoor environments increases the importance of exposure to indoor pollutants. The aim of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the major sources, types of pollutants, exposure pathways, and associated health effects of indoor air pollution. The study focuses on particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and biological contaminants. The literature indicates that indoor air pollutants can originate from both indoor and outdoor sources. While indoor activities—such as cooking, heating, the use of building materials, cleaning agents, and tobacco smoke—constitute primary sources, outdoor emissions from traffic and industry can infiltrate indoor environments. Furthermore, inadequate ventilation and specific structural characteristics can enhance the accumulation of these pollutants, thereby increasing exposure levels. A substantial body of research demonstrates that exposure to indoor air pollutants is associated with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular dysfunction, allergic reactions, and other chronic health conditions. Sustainable building design, low-emission materials, advanced ventilation systems, and smart building technologies provide important strategies for improving indoor air quality. Therefore, interdisciplinary approaches and long-term studies are of critical importance.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Bozkurt, Z. (2026). İç ortam hava kirliliği: Kaynaklar, maruziyet yolları, sağlık etkileri ve sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlar. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 18. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1936319

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