Dergiler / Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Temel Astronomi Kavramlarına Yönelik Alternatif Fikirlerinin Skor Analiziyle Belirlenmesi

Identifying Middle School Students’ Alternative Conceptions of Basic Astronomy Concepts Through Score Analysis

İlyas Acet(Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı)0000-0003-3324-7766
Mehmet Altan Kurnaz(KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-2824-4077
Sayfa
337–356
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-26
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin Ay’ın özellikleri ve hareketleriyle ilgili konularda daha başarılı olduklarını, ancak gök cisimlerinin büyüklüklerinin karşılaştırılması, Güneş’in yapısı ve gece-gündüz oluşumu gibi konularda öğrenme eksikliklerine sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.

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Amaç & Hipotez:Bu araştırmanın amacı, beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Güneş, Dünya ve Ay gibi temel astronomi kavramlarına ilişkin sahip oldukları alternatif fikirleri belirlemektir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmış ve veri toplama aracı olarak Sontay ve Karamustafaoğlu (2020) tarafından geliştirilen çoktan seçmeli başarı testi uygulanmıştır.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin Ay’ın özellikleri ve hareketleriyle ilgili konularda daha başarılı olduklarını, ancak gök cisimlerinin büyüklüklerinin karşılaştırılması, Güneş’in yapısı ve gece-gündüz oluşumu gibi konularda öğrenme eksikliklerine sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.
🔬Tür:Modelleme & Sayısal Simülasyon
📍Kapsam:2020 Verileri
⚙️Değişkenler:Alternatif fikirler · temel astronomi kavramları · bao model analizi

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı, beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin Güneş, Dünya ve Ay gibi temel astronomi kavramlarına ilişkin sahip oldukları alternatif fikirleri belirlemektir. Araştırmada tarama modeli kullanılmış ve veri toplama aracı olarak Sontay ve Karamustafaoğlu (2020) tarafından geliştirilen çoktan seçmeli başarı testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma grubu, Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki devlet ortaokullarında öğrenim gören toplam 173 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrenci cevapları skor puanları (S) ve yoğunlaşma faktörü (C) doğrultusunda analiz edilmiş, yanıt desenleri Bao’nun (1999) model analiz yöntemi temel alınarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, öğrencilerin Ay’ın özellikleri ve hareketleriyle ilgili konularda daha başarılı olduklarını, ancak gök cisimlerinin büyüklüklerinin karşılaştırılması, Güneş’in yapısı ve gece-gündüz oluşumu gibi konularda öğrenme eksikliklerine sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur. Öğrencilerin en yaygın olarak “OO” deseninde yanıt verdikleri, bunun da öğrenci cevaplarının biri doğru olmak üzere, iki seçenek üzerinde yoğunlaşmayı işaret ettiği görülmüştür. Özellikle güneş ve dünyanın büyüklüklerini farklı büyüklükteki toplarla eşleştirmede rastgele cevaplar verdikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, alternatif fikir değişimini hedefleyen öğretim stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinin ve astronomi konularının günlük yaşam bağlamlarıyla desteklenmesinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, fen bilimleri öğretiminde etkili müdahaleler tasarlanmasına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Abstract

This study aims to identify fifth-grade students’ alternative conceptions regarding basic astronomy concepts such as the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The research employed a survey model, and a multiple-choice achievement test developed by Sontay and Karamustafaoğlu (2020) was used as the data collection tool. The study group consisted of 173 students studying in public middle schools in the Western Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Student responses were analyzed based on score values (S) and concentration factor (C), and the response patterns were categorized using Bao’s (1999) model analysis method. The findings revealed that students were more successful in topics related to the properties and motions of the Moon. However, they exhibited learning deficiencies in areas such as comparing the sizes of celestial bodies, understanding the structure of the Sun, and the formation of day and night. It was observed that the most common response pattern among students was "MM", indicating that their answers were concentrated on two options, one of which was correct. Particularly, students gave random answers when comparing the relative sizes of the Sun and Earth within the size-matching task. These results underscore the importance of developing instructional strategies targeting the change of alternative conceptions and supporting astronomy topics with real-life contexts. The study contributes by identifying specific areas of conceptual difficulty, thereby informing the design of targeted instructional interventions in science education.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Acet, İ., Kurnaz, M. A. (2026). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Temel Astronomi Kavramlarına Yönelik Alternatif Fikirlerinin Skor Analiziyle Belirlenmesi. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 337–356. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1801916

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