Dergiler / Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul / 2026 / Sayı: 76

The Applicable Law to Proprietary Issues on Digital Assets considering Recent Developments: Lex rei Sitae or Not?

Ekin Ömeroğlu(KADIR HAS UNIVERSITY, FACULTY OF LAW, DEPARTMENT OF PRIVATE LAW)0000-0002-2656-5996
Sayfa
27–46
Yayın Tarihi
2025-07-24
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Therefore, our study aims to address how to bridge the gap in Turkish private international law concerning the applicable law for digital asset proprietary issues by drawing on comparative law developments.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:The legal nature of digital assets and the applicable law for digital assets have been debated in recent years in many legal systems, including Turkish law.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:The inability to reach a definite conclusion on evaluating the legal nature of digital assets in Turkish law makes it difficult to determine the applicable law to proprietary issues on digital assets in private international law.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Therefore, our study aims to address how to bridge the gap in Turkish private international law concerning the applicable law for digital asset proprietary issues by drawing on comparative law developments.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Digital assets · Blockchain · Proprietary

Abstract

The legal nature of digital assets and the applicable law for digital assets have been debated in recent years in many legal systems, including Turkish law. The inability to reach a definite conclusion on evaluating the legal nature of digital assets in Turkish law makes it difficult to determine the applicable law to proprietary issues on digital assets in private international law. In the context of conflict of laws rules, determining the applicable law for rights over digital assets depends more on the medium in which the asset is recorded than its function. National legislators and legal institutions are seeking new connecting factors beyond the traditional lex rei sitae principle, given that digital assets predominantly exist in electronic environments. Therefore, our study aims to address how to bridge the gap in Turkish private international law concerning the applicable law for digital asset proprietary issues by drawing on comparative law developments.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Ömeroğlu, E. (2025). The Applicable Law to Proprietary Issues on Digital Assets considering Recent Developments: Lex rei Sitae or Not?. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, Sayı: 76, 27–46. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2025.76.0002

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (39)

  1. Bilgili F and Cengil MF, Blockchain ve Kripto Para Hukuku (2nd edn, Dora Publishing 2022). google scholar
  2. Çekin MS, ‘Kripto Varlıklar Üzerinde Gerçekleştirilen İşlemlerin Borçlar Hukuku ve Eşya Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi’ (2022) 9(1) İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1. google scholar
  3. Çelikel A and Erdem BB, Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk (16th edn, Beta Publishing 2020). google scholar
  4. Dickinson, A. “An escape clause should necessarily support conflict of laws rules that determine the applicable law for proprietary rights over digital assets.”, ‘Cryptocurrencies and the Conflict of Laws’ in David Fox and Sarah Green (eds), Cryptocurrencies in Public and Private Law (Oxford University Press 2019). google scholar
  5. Fawcett J and Carruthers JM, Cheshire, North & Fawcett Private International Law (15th edn, Oxford University Press 2022). google scholar
  6. Favrod-Coune P and Belet K, ‘Conflict of Laws and Tokens in Swiss Private International Law’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  7. Guillaume F, ‘Aspects of Private International Law Related to Blockchain Transactions” in Daniel Kraus, Thierry Obrist and Olivier Hari (eds), Blockchains, Smart Contracts, Decentralised Autonomous Organisations and the Law (Edwards Elgar Publishing 2019). google scholar
  8. Güçlütürk OG, ‘Türk Hukukunda Kripto Varlıkların Para ve Elektronik Para Niteliğinin İncelenmesi’ (2019) 4(3) REGESTA 383. google scholar
  9. İmamoğlu DA, Kripto Para Birimleri ve Türk Hukukunda Düzenlenmesi (3rd edn, Seçkin Publishing 2022). google scholar
  10. Kapancı KB, ‘Özel Hukuk Penceresinden Blokzincir: ‘Sanal Para’ Değerleri ve ‘Akıllı Sözleşmeler’ Üzerine Değerlendirmeler’ in Eylem Aksoy Retornaz and Osman Gazi Güçlütürk (eds), Gelişen Teknolojiler ve Hukuku I: Blokzincir (On İki Levha Publishing 2020). google scholar
  11. Karamanlıoğlu A, ‘Son Gelişmeler Işığında Kripto Paraların Hukuki Niteliği ve Kripto Para Borsalarına İlişkin Tespit ve Öneriler’ in Başak Baysal, Nilay Arat, Ahmet Abut and Tuğçe Bilgetekin (eds), Khas Hukuk Bülteni 2020-2021 Akademik Yılı Derlemesi (On İki Levha Publishing). google scholar
  12. Lehmann, M., ‘Kollisionsregeln für die Blockchain im Rechtsvergleich’ (2023) 122 Zeitcshrift für Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft (ZVglRWiss) 269. google scholar
  13. Lehmann, M., ‘Digital Assets in the Conflict of Laws: A Comparative Search for the Ideal Rule’, (SSRN 4862792, 20 May 2024) accessed August 01, 2024. google scholar
  14. Mansel, H.P., ‘Normzweck und Tatbestandsstruktur des Art. 46 EGBGB’ in Stephan Lorenz, Alexander Trunk, Horst Eidenmüller, Christiane Wendehorst and Johannes Adolff (eds), Festschrift für Andreas Heldrich zum 70. Geburtstag (C.H. Beck Verlag 2005). google scholar
  15. Mik E, ‘Electronic Platforms: Openness, Transparency&Privacy Issues’ (2019) 6 European Review of Private Law 853. google scholar
  16. Morishita, T., ‘Blockchain and Japanese Private International Law’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  17. Morishita, T., ‘Technical Description of DLT for Conflict Lawyers’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  18. Ng M, ‘Choice of Law for Property Issues Regarding Bitcoin under English Law’ (2019) 15 Journal of Private International Law 315. google scholar
  19. Nakamoto S, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System, 2008, https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf (Last Accessed: 12.05.2024). google scholar
  20. Nomer E, Devletler Hususi Hukuku (23rd edn, Beta Publishing 2021). google scholar
  21. Ömeroğlu E, Ayni Haklara Uygulanacak Hukukun ve Yetkili Yargı Merciinin Tayininde İrade Serbestisi Prensibi (Adalet Publishing 2017). google scholar
  22. Özel S, Erkan M, Pürselim HS, Karaca HA, Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk (3rd edn, On İki Levha Publishing 2024). google scholar
  23. Schurr FA and Layr A, ‘DLT and PIL from the Perspective of Liechtenstein’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  24. Schwemmer S, ‘Das Tokensachstatut Zur kollisionsrechtlichen Behandlung der Übertragung von Bitcoin, Kryptowertpapieren und anderen Kryptoken’(2022) Praxis des Internationalen Privat-und Verfahrensrechts (IPRax) 331. google scholar
  25. Spindler G, ‘Fintech, Digitalization, and the Law Applicable to Proprietary Effects of Transactions in Securities (Tokens): A European Perspective’ (2019) 24 Uniform Law Review 724. google scholar Stürner M, Europaisches Vertragrecht (De Gruyter 2021). google scholar
  26. Şanlı C, Esen E and Ataman-Figanmeşe İ, Milletlerarası Özel Hukuk (10th edn, Beta Publishing 2024). google scholar
  27. Takahashi, K., ‘Blockchain-based Negotiable Instruments: with Particular Reference to Bills of Lading and Investment Securities’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  28. Takavut İD, ‘5718 Sayılı MÖHUK ve Dijital Varlıklara İlişkin Uyuşmazlıklar’ in Sibel Özel, Mustafa Erkan and Hatice Selin Pürselim (eds), MÖHUK’ta Reform (On İki Levha Publishing 2023). google scholar
  29. Tevetoğlu M, ‘Bankacılık ve Sermaye Piyasası Hukuku Perspektifinden Bitcoin Davaları’ (2020) 9(34) Banka ve Finans Hukuku Dergisi 543. google scholar
  30. Ulusu AE, Milletlerarası Özel Hukukta Kaydi Menkul Kıymet Ticaretinde Hak Sahipliği İhtilaflarına Uygulanacak Hukuk (On İki Levha Publishing 2022). google scholar
  31. UNIDROIT Digital Assets and Private Law Principles,, accessed 27 September 2024. google scholar
  32. Wendehorst C, ‘Digitalgüter im Internationalen Privatrecht’ (2020) Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts (IPRax) 490. google scholar
  33. Wendehorst, C., ‘Proprietary Rights in Digital Assets and the Conflict of Laws’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  34. Wilke, F.M., ‘A German Approach: Lex Supervisionis Registri and Subordinate Connecting Factors’ in Andrea Bonomi, Matthias Lehmann and Shaheeza Lalani (eds), Blockchain and Private International Law (Brill Nijhoff 2023). google scholar
  35. Yılmaz A, Kripto Para Birimi Bitcoin ve Bitcoin’in Türk Sermaye Piyasası Hukuku Açısından Değerlendirilmesi (On İki Levha Publishing İstanbul 2021). google scholar
  36. Yüksel Ripley B, ‘Cryptocurrency Transfers in Distributed Ledger Technology-Based Systems and their Characterisation in Conflict of Laws’ in Justin Borg-Barthet, Katarina Trimmings, Burcu Yüksel Ripley and Patricia Zivkovic (eds), From Theory to Practice in Private International Law (Hart Publishing 2024). google scholar
  37. The European Law Institute, ‘ELI Principles on the Use of Digital Assets Report of the European Law Institute’ (2022) accessed July 22, 2024. google scholar
  38. Türkiye Bilişim Vakfı, ‘Dünyada Blokzinciri Regülasyonları ve Uygulama Örnekleri Karşılaştırma Raporu’ (2019) https://bctr.org/dokumanlar/Dunyada_Blokzinciri_Regulasyonlari.pdf accessed August 05, 2024. google scholar
  39. UNIDROIT Digital Assets and Private Law Principles,, accessed 27 September 2024. google scholar