The Impacts of Covariates on Spatial Distribution of Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19): What Do the Data Show through ANCOVA and MANCOVA?

Özet

Objectives: In late December 2019, a cluster of cases with 2019 Novel Coronavirus pneumonia (SARS-COV-2) in Wuhan, Chine, aroused worldwide concern. This novel virus is becoming a nightmare and a serious health problem across the globe. Even though an accurate estimate of the case-fatality risk is difficult; this research is useful to mitigate the spatial pattern of COVID-19. Our aim to assess the impacts of covariates (age, sex, blood type, and disease severity, previous health history of patients, transmission type, and location) on spatial distribution of COVID-19. Methods: Relevant data are obtained from the world health organization released by March 18, 2020 and some other information from published works is taken into consideration. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) through STATA packages. Results: The spatial pattern of COVID-19 is varying with more than half millions of confirmed cases and thousands of deaths globally. The result of the study has also shown that the spatial pattern of COVID-19 is fluctuating, where in Republic of China, Italy, USA and Iran major confirmed cases and deaths are reflected. There is also an evidence as age and population density variation has statistically significant relationship with deaths due to COVID-19 (Fcal=133.909 and Pvalue= 0.000*). The result also pointed out as there is statistical significant difference between male and female being affected by this COVID-19. The contagion fatality death ratio within 0-9 years is almost none; while for patients above 50 years is comparatively an agony. There is also statistical evidence on the outburst of the epidemic in Europe, America and Western Pacific Region the local transmission is predominant, while in Africa and in other territorial regions majority of the cases are smuggled. In spite of some diversity in initial symptoms, utmost of COVID-19 patients have fever and respiratory symptoms. Social distancing, special care for elders and patients with habits of smoking cigarette, diabetes, pressure and cancer is recommended. The government and private Medias should work in giving awareness about the transmission of the pandemic. Healthcare providers should follow subsequent reports as the situation will likely change promptly.