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Dergiler / Demiryolu Mühendisliği / 2026 / Sayı: 25

Tramvay Taşımacılığında Kaza ve Operasyonel Aksaklık Risklerinin Resim Bulanık HTEA ile Değerlendirilmesi: Eskişehir Örneği

Assessment of Accident and Operational Disruption Risks in Tram Transportation Using Picture Fuzzy FMEA: The Case of Eskişehir

Fatma Yaşlı Şen(ESKİŞEHİR TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0768-8392
Sayfa
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Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-15
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Uygulanan yaklaşım ile risk unsurlarının etkin bir biçimde önceliklendirilmesi sağlanarak, risk yönetimine dair öneriler sunulmuştur.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Tramvaylar, sundukları ekonomik ve çevreci taşımacılık hizmeti ile, şehirlerin sürdürülebilirliğinde önemli bir paya sahiptir.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Analiz için Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA) yöntemi kullanılarak yaşanmış olaylar, ramak kala olayları ve yaşanmasa da meydana gelme ihtimali olan tüm istenmeyen olayların olası farklı sonuçları ile birlikte ele alınması sağlanmıştır.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Uygulanan yaklaşım ile risk unsurlarının etkin bir biçimde önceliklendirilmesi sağlanarak, risk yönetimine dair öneriler sunulmuştur.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Tramvay taşımacılığı · Risk değerlendirmesi · HTEA

Özet

Tramvaylar, sundukları ekonomik ve çevreci taşımacılık hizmeti ile, şehirlerin sürdürülebilirliğinde önemli bir paya sahiptir. Tramvay işletmelerinin faaliyetlerini çoğunlukla karma trafik içerisinde gösteriyor olmaları, içsel ve dışsal pek çok risk unsuru ile mücadele etmelerini gerektirir. Bu çalışmada tramvay taşımacılık faaliyetlerinin durmasına ya da kesintiye uğramasına sebep olan kaza ve olayların ele alınması için literatür ve uzman görüşleri aracılığıyla kapsamlı bir risk incelemesi yapılmıştır. Analiz için Hata Türü ve Etkileri Analizi (HTEA) yöntemi kullanılarak yaşanmış olaylar, ramak kala olayları ve yaşanmasa da meydana gelme ihtimali olan tüm istenmeyen olayların olası farklı sonuçları ile birlikte ele alınması sağlanmıştır. Diğer yandan uzman görüşlerindeki anlaşmazlık ve tarafsızlık gibi belirsizliklerin de ele alınmasını sağlayan resim bulanık kümelerden yararlanılmıştır. Önerilen yaklaşım Eskişehir tramvay işletmesine uygulanmış olup, en yüksek risk öncelik değerine sahip hata unsurlarının sürücü kontrolü dışındaki unsurlardan oluştuğu görülmüştür. Özellikle yayaların kulaklık veya telefon sebepli tramvayı fark etmemesi ile tramvay yolundaki bisikletlilerin tramvay faaliyetleri açısından yarattığı risk dikkat çekici düzeydedir. Uygulanan yaklaşım ile risk unsurlarının etkin bir biçimde önceliklendirilmesi sağlanarak, risk yönetimine dair öneriler sunulmuştur.

Abstract

Trams play a significant role in urban sustainability thanks to their economical and environmentally friendly transport services. However, the fact that tram operations mostly take place in mixed traffic environments means that numerous internal and external risk factors must be addressed. This study uses literature and expert opinions to conduct a comprehensive risk analysis examining accidents and incidents that cause tram operations to stop or be interrupted. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method was employed to consider all potential undesirable events, including past incidents and near misses. Furthermore, picture fuzzy sets were used to address uncertainties with the agreement, disagreement, and neutrality in expert opinions. Applying the suggested approach to the Eskişehir tram operation revealed that failures with the highest risk priority values were outside driver control. Notably, the risks posed by pedestrians failing to notice the tram due to using headphones or mobile phones, and by cyclists on the tram tracks, are significant. The approach applied here enables the effective prioritization of risk factors and provides recommendations for risk management.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Şen, F. Y. (2026). Tramvay Taşımacılığında Kaza ve Operasyonel Aksaklık Risklerinin Resim Bulanık HTEA ile Değerlendirilmesi: Eskişehir Örneği. Demiryolu Mühendisliği, Sayı: 25. https://doi.org/10.47072/demiryolu.2027533

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