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İnsektisitlerin ekotoksikolojik riskleri: Çevresel davranışları, maruziyet yolları ve sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerinin kapsamlı bir incelemesi

Ecotoxicological risks of insecticides: A comprehensive review of environmental behavior, exposure pathways and strategies for sustainable management

Osman Tiryaki(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7509-8423
Farag Mahmoud Malhat(1Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center)0000-0002-5115-876X
Burak Polat(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University)0000-0001-9171-1024
Tarık Balkan(Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture,)0000-0003-4756-4842
Sayfa
341–362
Yayın Tarihi
2026-09-09
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Gelecekteki araştırmalar, güncel insektisitler, akarisitler ve nematisitler, gerçekçi karışım maruziyetleri ve sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerine öncelik vermelidir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:İnsektisitleri de kapsayan pestisitler modern tarımda zararlı organizmaların kontrolünde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:Bu derleme pestisitlerin çevrede akıbetine ve ekotoksikolojik risklerini azaltma stratejilerine odaklanmıştır.
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Sonuç & Katkı:Gelecekteki araştırmalar, güncel insektisitler, akarisitler ve nematisitler, gerçekçi karışım maruziyetleri ve sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerine öncelik vermelidir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Ekotoksikolojik risk · insektisit kalıntısı · pestisit

Özet

İnsektisitleri de kapsayan pestisitler modern tarımda zararlı organizmaların kontrolünde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, uygulanan insektisitlerin küçük bir kısmı hedef organizmaya ulaşmakta, hedef dışına taşınan kısmı ise tarımsal çevrede kirliliğe yol açabilmektedir. Bu derleme pestisitlerin çevrede akıbetine ve ekotoksikolojik risklerini azaltma stratejilerine odaklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, insektisitlerin çevresel davranışı, ekosisteme giriş yolları, hedef olmayan organizmalara ekotoksikolojik etkileri, ekotoksikolojik risklerini azaltma yolları tartışılmıştır. Riskin azaltılmasına yönelik yaklaşımlar; IPM, modern uygulama teknolojileri, düşük riskli insektisitlerin geliştirilmesi, nanoteknoloji tabanlı formülasyonlar ve remediasyon uygulamalarını kapsamaktadır. İnsektisitlerin taşınımı, dağılımı ve kalıcılığı birlikte değerlendirilmiş; yüzey ve yeraltı sularına bulaşmayı azaltabilecek önlemler özetlenmiştir. Ekotoksikolojik riski; insektisitin fizikokimyasal özellikleri, uygulama yöntemi, toprak özellikleri ve çevresel koşulları etkilemektedir. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, güncel insektisitler, akarisitler ve nematisitler, gerçekçi karışım maruziyetleri ve sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerine öncelik vermelidir.

Abstract

Pesticides, including insecticides, are widely used to control pests in modern agriculture. However, a small portion of the applied insecticide reaches the intended target, while off-target losses may contaminate agricultural environments. This review focused on the fate of insecticides in the environment and strategies to reduce their ecotoxicological risks. In this context, the environmental behavior of insecticides, their pathways into the ecosystem and the ecotoxicological effects on non-target organisms, ways to reduce ecotoxicological risks are discussed. Risk-reduction options discussed include IPM, modern application technologies, development of lower-risk insecticides, nanotechnology-based formulations, and remediation. The transport, distribution, persistence, and major exposure routes of insecticides are examined collectively, and measures for minimizing contamination of surface water and groundwater are summarized. Ecotoxicological risk is affected by the physicochemical properties of the insecticide, application method, soil characteristics, and environmental conditions. Future research should prioritize current-use insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides, realistic mixture exposures, and sustainable management strategies.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Tiryaki, O., Malhat, F. M., Polat, B., Balkan, T. (2026). İnsektisitlerin ekotoksikolojik riskleri: Çevresel davranışları, maruziyet yolları ve sürdürülebilir yönetim stratejilerinin kapsamlı bir incelemesi. Türkiye Entomoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 3, 341–362. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1900398

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