Dergiler / Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 2026

FARKLILAŞMIŞ ENTEGRASYON ALANI OLARAK AB ORTAK TERÖRLE MÜCADELE POLİTİKASI: YASAL UYGULAMA FARKLILIKLARININ NİCEL ANALİZİ

THE EU COMMON COUNTER-TERRORISM POLICY AS A DIFFERENTIATED AREA OF INTEGRATION: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN LEGAL IMPLEMENTATION

Sayfa
1–20
Yayın Tarihi
2026-06-29
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bulgular, tehdit düzeyi ile uyum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ve devletlerin güvenlik politikalarında ulusal çıkarları önceliklendirdiğini göstermektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Özet: Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği üye devletleri arasındaki terörle mücadele politikalarındaki farklılaşmayı, terör saldırıları ile AB müktesebatına uyum ihlalleri arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz ederek incelemektedir. 1970’lerden bu yana terörle mücadele için çeşitli direktif ve stratejilerin kabul edilmesine rağmen, üye devletler bu direktifleri ulusal hukuk sistemlerine tek tip bir şekilde aktarmamış veya uygulamamıştır.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Ana argüman, üye devletlerin güvenlik konularında egemenlik devretme konusundaki isteksizliği ve farklılaşmış entegrasyon mekanizmalarını kullanmalarının, ortak bir terörle mücadele politikasının uygulanmasındaki başlıca engelleri oluşturduğudur.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bulgular, tehdit düzeyi ile uyum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ve devletlerin güvenlik politikalarında ulusal çıkarları önceliklendirdiğini göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Terörle Mücadele · Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon · Yeni Hükümetlerarasılık

Özet

Özet: Bu makale, Avrupa Birliği üye devletleri arasındaki terörle mücadele politikalarındaki farklılaşmayı, terör saldırıları ile AB müktesebatına uyum ihlalleri arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz ederek incelemektedir. 1970’lerden bu yana terörle mücadele için çeşitli direktif ve stratejilerin kabul edilmesine rağmen, üye devletler bu direktifleri ulusal hukuk sistemlerine tek tip bir şekilde aktarmamış veya uygulamamıştır. Ana argüman, üye devletlerin güvenlik konularında egemenlik devretme konusundaki isteksizliği ve farklılaşmış entegrasyon mekanizmalarını kullanmalarının, ortak bir terörle mücadele politikasının uygulanmasındaki başlıca engelleri oluşturduğudur. Çalışma, 27 AB üye devletinin karşılaştığı terör saldırıları ile AB terörle mücadele mevzuatı ihlalleri arasındaki ilişkiyi nicel yöntemler kullanarak incelemektedir. Bulgular, tehdit düzeyi ile uyum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığını ve devletlerin güvenlik politikalarında ulusal çıkarları önceliklendirdiğini göstermektedir. İlgili direktiflerin uygulanmasındaki tutarsızlıklar, AB düzeyinde entegre bir politika üretmenin önündeki engelleri ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Analiz, realist teorinin kendi kendine yardım ilkesi ve yeni hükümetlerarasıcılığın egemenlik merkezli yaklaşımıyla uyumludur. Çalışma, üye devletlerin daha derin entegrasyon konusunda temkinli kaldığını ve “de novo” kurumların güçlendirilmesinin bu yapısal farklılaşmanın ele alınması için potansiyel taşıdığını savunmaktadır.

Abstract

This article examines the differentiation in counter-terrorism policies among European Union member states by analyzing the relationship between terrorist attacks and violations of compliance with the EU acquis. Despite the adoption of various directives and strategies to combat terrorism since the 1970s, member states have not uniformly transposed or implemented these directives into their national legal systems. The main argument is that member states’ reluctance to cede sovereignty in security matters and their use of differentiated integration mechanisms constitute primary obstacles to implementing a common terrorism policy. The study examines the relationship between terrorist attacks faced by the 27 EU member states and violations of EU anti-terrorism legislation using quantitative methods. The findings indicate no significant correlation between threat level and compliance, demonstrating that states prioritize national interests in their security policies. Inconsistencies in the implementation of relevant directives reveal obstacles to producing an integrated policy at the EU level. The analysis aligns with the self-help principle of realist theory and the sovereignty-centered approach of new intergovernmentalism. The study argues that member states remain cautious about deeper integration and that strengthening “de novo” institutions holds potential for addressing this structural differentiation.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Kanat, S., Uyğun, E. D. (2026). FARKLILAŞMIŞ ENTEGRASYON ALANI OLARAK AB ORTAK TERÖRLE MÜCADELE POLİTİKASI: YASAL UYGULAMA FARKLILIKLARININ NİCEL ANALİZİ. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 2026, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54627/gcd.1864561

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (69)

  1. Andreescu, V. and Shackelford, T.K., 2024. Global Terrorism Index. In: Encyclopedia of Religious Psychology and Behavior. Springer, Cham, 1–3.
  2. Argomaniz, J. and Vidal-Diez, A., 2015. Examining deterrence and backlash effects in counter-terrorism: the case of ETA.
  3. Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U., eds., 2015a. The New Intergovernmentalism: States and Supranational Actors in the Post-Maastricht Era. Oxford University Press.
  4. Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U., 2015b. The new intergovernmentalism: European integration in the post-Maastricht era. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 53 (4), 703–722.
  5. Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U., 2015c. Conclusions. In: C.J. Bickerton, D. Hodson, and U. Puetter, eds. The New Intergovernmentalism. Oxford University Press, 304–328.
  6. Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U., 2015d. The New Intergovernmentalism: States and Supranational Actors in the Post-Maastricht Era. Oxford University Press.
  7. Börzel, T.A., 2011. When Europeanization Hits Limited Statehood. The Western Balkans as a Test Case for the Transformative Power of Europe. KFG Working Papers.
  8. Börzel, T.A., Hofmann, T., Panke, D., and Sprungk, C., 2010. Obstinate and Inefficient: Why Member States Do Not Comply With European Law. Comparative Political Studies, 43 (11), 1363–1390.
  9. Brandi, C. and Wohlgemuth, M., 2006. Strategies of Flexible Integration and Enlargement of the European Union. A Club-theoretical and Constitutional Economics Perspective.
  10. Cameron, A.C. and Trivedi, P.K., 2013. Regression Analysis of Count Data. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  11. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions the European Agenda on Security, 2015. COM(2015) 185 final.
  12. Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (No 21), 2016. OJ C. Document 12016E021, C 202/57. [online] Avaliable from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A12016E021 [Accessed 12 March 2026]
  13. Council of the European Union, 2005. The European Union Counter-Terrorism Strategy.
  14. ECJ, 2012. View of Advocate General Kokott delivered on 26 October 2012. Thomas Pringle v Government of Ireland and Others. Case C‑370/12. eur-lex.
  15. Enders, W. and Sandler, T., 2011. The Political Economy of Terrorism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  16. EUR-lex, 2002. Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on combating terrorism. OJ L/164.
  17. EUR-lex, 2020. EU Security Union Strategy. COM/2020/605 final. Document 52020DC0605. [online] Avaliable from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52020DC0605 [Accessed 12 March 2026]
  18. EUR-lex, 2021. Regulation (EU) 2021/784 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2021 on addressing the dissemination of terrorist content online. OJ L/172/79.
  19. EUR-lex, 2024. REGULATION (EU) 2024/1620 establishing the Authority for Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism and amending Regulations (EU) (EU) No 1095/2010. OJ L/2024/1620.
  20. European Commission, 2018a. Monitoring the Application of Union Law 2018 Annual Report Part I: general statistical overview. Commission Staff Working Document. [online] Avaliable from https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/953bcfa1-b641-47ab-a2ce-282dad081765_en?filename=report-2018-annual-report-monitoring-application-eu-law.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2026]
  21. European Commission, 2018b. Monitoring the Application of Union Law 2018 Annual Report Part II: policy areas. Commission Staff Working Document. [online] Avaliable from https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/953bcfa1-b641-47ab-a2ce-282dad081765_en?filename=report-2018-annual-report-monitoring-application-eu-law.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2026]
  22. European Commission, 2022. Monitoring the Application of European Union Law 2021 Annual Report. Brussels, No. COM(2022) 344 final.
  23. European Commission, 2023a. Monitoring the application of European Union law 2022 Annual Report. Brussels, Commission Staff Working Document No. COM(2023) 453 final.
  24. European Commission, 2023b. February infringements package: key decisions [online]. Infringement decisions. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/EN/inf_23_525 [Accessed 18 Aug 2024].
  25. European Commission, 2023c. January Infringements package: key decisions [online]. Infringement decisions. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/inf_23_142 [Accessed 18 Aug 2024].
  26. European Commission, 2024. Monitoring the application of European Union law 2023 Annual Report. Annual Report No. COM(2024) 358 final.
  27. European Commission, 2026. Infringement Decisions [online]. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/atwork/applying-eu-law/infringements-proceedings/infringement_decisions/?langCode=EN [Accessed 12 Mar 2026].
  28. European Parliament, 1995. MADRID EUROPEAN COUNCIL 15 and 16 DECEMBER 1995 PRESIDENCY CONCLUSIONS.
  29. Europol, 2018. TE-SAT 2018 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  30. Europol, 2019. TE-SAT 2019 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  31. Europol, 2020. TE-SAT 2020 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  32. Europol, 2021. TE-SAT 2021 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  33. Europol, 2022. TE-SAT 2022 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  34. Europol, 2023. TE-SAT 2023 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  35. Europol, 2024. TE-SAT 2024 Report. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, EU Terrorism Situation & Trend Report (EU TE-SAT).
  36. Granger, M.-P., 2015. The Court of Justice’s Dilemma—Between ‘More Europe’ and ‘Constitutional Mediation’. In: C.J. Bickerton, D. Hodson, and U. Puetter, eds. The New Intergovernmentalism. Oxford University Press, 208–226.
  37. Gruszczak, A., 2022. The European Union Counter-Terrorism Policy Twenty Years After 9/11: What Has Really Been Done? [in:] Studia Politologiczne, 2022, no. 63, pp. 24-39. Studia Politologiczne.
  38. Hartlapp, M. and Falkner, G., 2009. Problems of Operationalization and Data in EU Compliance Research. European Union Politics, 10 (2), 281–304.
  39. Hoffmann, S., 1966. Obstinate or Obsolete?: The Fate of the Nation-State and the Case of Western Europe. Daedalus, Vol. 95, No. 3, Tradition and Change (Summer, 1966), pp. 862-915
  40. Hoffmann, S., 1995. The European sisyphus: Essays on Europe, 1964-1994. London: Routledge.
  41. Horton, N.J. and Kleinman, K., 2015. Using R and RStudio for data management, statistical analysis, and graphics. Second edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
  42. Howarth, D. and Quaglia, L., 2015. The New Intergovernmentalism in Financial Regulation and European Banking Union. In: C.J. Bickerton, D. Hodson, and U. Puetter, eds. The New Intergovernmentalism. Oxford University Press, 146–162.
  43. IEP, 2018. Global Terrorism Index 2018: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  44. IEP, 2019. Global Terrorism Index 2019: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  45. IEP, 2020. Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  46. IEP, 2022. Global Terrorism Index 2022: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  47. IEP, 2023. Global Terrorism Index 2023: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  48. IEP, 2024. Global Terrorism Index 2024: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Institute for Economics & Peace.
  49. Mbaye, H.A.D., 2001. Why National States Comply with Supranational Law: Explaining Implementation Infringements in the European Union, 1972-1993. European Union Politics, 2 (3), 259–281.
  50. Michell, J., 2005. The logic of measurement: A realist overview. Measurement, 38 (4), 285–294. Official Journal of the European Union, 2007. Treaty of Lisbon.
  51. Parker, T. and Sitter, N., 2016. The Four Horsemen of Terrorism: It’s Not Waves, It’s Strains. Terrorism and Political Violence, 28 (2), 197–216.
  52. Puetter, U., 2012. Europe’s deliberative intergovernmentalism: the role of the Council and European Council in EU economic governance. Journal of European Public Policy, 19 (2), 161–178.
  53. Puetter, U., 2014a. The Rotating Council Presidency and the New Intergovernmentalism. The International Spectator, 49 (4), 18–32.
  54. Puetter, U., 2014b. The European Council and the Council: New Intergovernmentalism and Institutional Change. Oxford: Oxford university press.
  55. Puetter, U., 2015. The European Council. In: C.J. Bickerton, D. Hodson, and U. Puetter, eds. The New Intergovernmentalism. Oxford University Press, 165–184.
  56. Rapoport, D.C., 2013. The four waves of modern terror: International dimensions and consequences. In: J.M. Hanhimäki and B. Blumenau, eds. An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences. London: Routledge, 46–73.
  57. Schimmelfennig, F., 2022. Differentiated integration has been of limited use in the EU’s polycrisis. European University Institute.
  58. Schimmelfennig, F., Leuffen, D., and De Vries, C.E., 2023. Differentiated integration in the European Union: Institutional effects, public opinion, and alternative flexibility arrangements. European Union Politics, 24 (1), 3–20.
  59. Schimmelfennig, F. and Winzen, T., 2020. Differentiated EU integration: maps and modes. European University Institute, Working Paper.
  60. Schimmelfennig, F. and Winzen, T., 2023. Cascading opt-outs? The effect of the Euro and migration crises on differentiated integration in the European Union. European Union Politics, 24 (1), 21–41.
  61. Snyder, G.H., 1996. Process variables in neorealist theory. Security Studies, 5 (3), 167–192.
  62. Stubb, A., 1996. A Categorization of Differentiated Integration. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 34 (2), 283–295.
  63. Taylor, P.P.G., 1983. The Limits of European Integration. London: Columbia University Press. Waltz, K.N., 1979. Theory of International Politics. First Edition. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill.
  64. Warleigh, A., 2002. Flexible integration: which model for the European Union? London; New York: Sheffield Academic Press.
  65. Wieczorek, C., 2018. Improving Counter-Terrorism Policy Integration in the European Union: An Analysis. Carleton Review of International Affairs, 5, 47–60.
  66. World Bank Group, 2026a. World Development Indicators [online]. Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators [Accessed 13 Mar 2026].
  67. World Bank Group, 2026b. Worldwide Governance Indicators [online]. Available from: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators [Accessed 13 Mar 2026].
  68. Argomaniz, J. and Vidal-Diez, A., 2015. Examining deterrence and backlash effects in counter-terrorism: the case of ETA.
  69. Warleigh, A., 2002. Flexible integration: which model for the European Union? London; New York: Sheffield Academic Press.