Dergiler / Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 13 Issue: 70

The Psychometric Properties of the Adlerian Courage Scale in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents

Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2023-09-30
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bununla birlikte, iç güvenirlik katsayısı (α = .93) ve test-tekrar test güvenirlik puanları (.95) ölçek maddelerinin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Cesaret kavramı son yıllarda dikkate değer bir ilgi görmektedir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 14-18 aralığında olan Türk ergen öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bununla birlikte, iç güvenirlik katsayısı (α = .93) ve test-tekrar test güvenirlik puanları (.95) ölçek maddelerinin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Courage · adolescence · scale adaptation

Özet

Cesaret kavramı son yıllarda dikkate değer bir ilgi görmektedir. Ancak, özellikle ergenlerde cesarete yönelik araştırmalar incelendiğinde, uygun ölçme araçlarının eksikliği göze çarpmaktadır. Adleryan yaklaşım bağlamında yetişkinler için cesarete ilişkin bir ölçme aracı bulunurken, ergenler için eksik olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmanın amacı Adleryan Cesaret Ölçeği - Ergen Formunun ergen örnekleminde psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın örneklemini yaşları 14-18 aralığında olan Türk ergen öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonuçları, ölçeğin tek boyutlu yapısının maddeler için yüksek faktör yükleri ile doğrulandığını göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, iç güvenirlik katsayısı (α = .93) ve test-tekrar test güvenirlik puanları (.95) ölçek maddelerinin güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, araştırmanın bulguları pozitif psikoloji bağlamında cesaret kavramının araştırılmasına yönelik Adleryan Cesaret Ölçeği - Ergen Formunun Türk ergen örnekleminde geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir.

Abstract

Courage has received considerable attention in recent years. However, courage research has been limited due to a lack of appropriate measurement tools for adolescents. In this field, there is a measurement tool for courage from an Adlerian perspective for adults, but it is lacking for adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Adlerian Courage Scale – Adolescents Form within an adolescent sample in Türkiye. The scale was administered to 618 Turkish adolescents aged between 14-18. The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the scale's one-dimensional structure was confirmed with high factor loadings for the items. Additionally, the internal reliability coefficient (α = .93) and test-retest reliability score (.95) illustrated that the items of the scale were reliable. Overall, considering reliability and validity results, the findings suggested that Adlerian Courage Scale – Adolescent Form is a valid and reliable measure to investigate the concept of courage in the context of positive psychology within the Turkish adolescent context.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Atay, Ö. A., Atalay, N. Ü., Çok, F., *, N. Ü. A. (2023). The Psychometric Properties of the Adlerian Courage Scale in a Sample of Turkish Adolescents. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, Volume: 13 Issue: 70. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1337002.10

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (55)

  1. Acock, A. C. (2013). Discovering structural equation modeling using STATA. STATA Press.
  2. Adler, A. (2013). The science of living. (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203386750
  3. Adler, A. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. H. L. Ansbacher & R. R. Ansbacher (Eds.). Harper Torchbooks.
  4. Altıntaş, Ö. (2023). Examining resilience, courage, self-compassion and prosocial behavior tendencies in adolescents with low socio-economic status [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Başkent University.
  5. Aydoğan, D., Terzi, Ş., Eşici, H., & Tomar, İ. H. (2012, July 2-4). Validation of resilience scale for Turkish youth and adults [Conference presentation]. 33rd International Conference of the Stress and Anxiety Research Society, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
  6. Blagen, M., & Yang, J. (2009). A tool of facilitating courage: Hope is a choice [Conference presentation]. ACA Annual Conference & Exhibition, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States.
  7. Bockorny, K., & Youssef-Morgan, C. M. (2019). Entrepreneurs' courage, psychological capital, and life satisfaction. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 789. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00789
  8. Bowen, A. (2016). Encouragement and adjustment: Investigation of the relationship between Adlerian encouragement and military resilience [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Adler University.
  9. Chiesi, F., Vizza, D., Valente, M., Bruno, R., Lau, C., Campagna, M. R., Lo Iacono, M. & Bruno, F. (2022). Positive personal resources and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience, optimism, hope, courage, trait mindfulness, and self-efficacy in breast cancer patients and survivors. Supportive Care in Cancer, 30(8), 7005–7014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-022-07123-1
  10. Coleman, J. & Hagell, A. (2007). Adolescence, risk and resilience: Against the odds. John Wiley & Sons.
  11. Crandall, J.E. (1980). Adler’s concept of social interest: Theory, measurement, and implication for adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(3), 481-95. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.481
  12. Dahlsgaard, K., Peterson, C. & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Shared virtue: The convergence of valued human strengths across culture and history. Review of General Psychology, 9(3), 203–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.3.203
  13. Daniel, K. (2009). What is the good life? A place for positive psychology [Unpublished Distinguished Majors Thesis]. University of Virginia.
  14. De Vellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed., Vol. 26). Sage Publications.
  15. Dinkmeyer, D. C., & Dreikurs, R. (2000). Encouraging children to learn. Psychology Press.
  16. Embury, P. S. & Saklofske, H. D. (2014). Resilience interventions for youth in diverse populations. Springer. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0542-3
  17. Ergüner-Tekinalp, B. & Işık, Ş. (2021). Positive psychology applications in education (5. Ed.). Pegem.
  18. Erkuş, A. (2014). Psikolojide ölçme ve ölçek geliştirme-I: Temel kavramlar ve işlemler [Measurement and scale development in psychology-I: Fundamental concepts and procedures]. Pegem.
  19. Grau, P.P., Melchert, T.P., Garnier-Villarreal, M., Knobloch-Fedders, L.M., & Wetterneck, C.T. (2021). Change in self-compassion, psychological inflexibility, and interpersonal courage in intensive PTSD treatment: A latent growth curve analysis. Mindfulness, 12(12), 2983-2996. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01759-6
  20. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (5. Ed.). Sage publications.
  21. Hannah, S. T., Sweeney, P. J. & Lester, P. B. (2007). Toward a courageous mindset: The subjective act and experience of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228854
  22. Hannah, S. T., Sweeney, P. J. & Lester, P. B. (2010). The courageous mind-set: A dynamic personality system approach to courage. In C. L. S. Pury & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The psychology of courage: Modern research on an ancient virtue. American Psychological Association.
  23. Howard, M.C. & Alipour, K. K. (2014). Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9, 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910828
  24. Karcher, M. J. & Lindwall, J. (2003). Social interest, connectedness, and challenging experiences: What makes high school mentors persist? Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(3), 294-315.
  25. Kaynak, Ü. & Işık, Ş. (2022). Development of the Social Interest Scale for Turkish adolescents. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 78(2), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2022.0026
  26. Kline, R.B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Press.
  27. Lodi, E., Perrella, L., Zarbo, R. & Patrizi, P. (2022). Courage as mediator between positive resources and general/domain-specific well-Being indices. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(8), 1067–1081. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12080076
  28. Maddi, S. R. (2004). Hardiness: An operationalization of existential courage. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 44(3), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167804266101
  29. Maddi, S. R. (2006a). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stress. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(3), 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619609
  30. Maddi, S. R. (2006b). Hardiness: The courage to be resilient. In M. Hersen & J. C. Thomas (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of personality and psychopathology (pp. 306-321). John Wiley & Sons.
  31. Magnano, P., Lodi, E., Zammitti, A. & Patrizi, P. (2021). Courage, career adaptability, and readiness as resources to improve well-being during the university-to-work transition in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062919
  32. Malhotra, N.K. & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing research: An applied orientation (6th ed.), Pearson.
  33. Manaster, G., Cemalciler, Z. & Knill, M. (2003). Social interest, the individual and society: practical and theoretical considerations. Journal of Individual Psychology, 59(2), 109- 122.
  34. Marcoulides, G. A., & Schumacker, R. E. (Eds.). (2001). New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling (1st ed.). Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410601858
  35. Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.
  36. Niemiec, R. M., & Pearce, R. (2021). The practice of character strengths: Unifying definitions, principles, and exploration of what's soaring, emerging, and ripe with potential in science and in practice. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 590220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590220
  37. Norton, P. J. & Weiss, B. J. (2009). The role of courage on behavioral approach in a fear eliciting situation: A proof-of-concept pilot study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.002
  38. Nunnally, J. C. & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3. ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  39. Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003117452
  40. Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.
  41. Pury, C. L., Kowalski, R. M., & Spearman, J. (2007). Distinctions between general and personal courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701237962
  42. Rareshide, M. & Kern, R. (1991). Social interest: The haves and have nots. Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research and Practice, 47(4), 464-476.
  43. Sandage, S. J. ve Hill, P. C. (2001). The virtues of positive psychology: The rapprochement and challenges of an affirmative postmodern perspective. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 31, 3, 214-260. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00157
  44. Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Muller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23-74. https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.12784
  45. Scheel, M. J., Davis, C. K., & Henderson, J. D. (2013). Therapist use of client strengths: A qualitative study of positive processes. The Counseling Psychologist, 41(3), 392–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000012439427
  46. Seligman, M. E. P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.5
  47. Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress. American Psychologist, 60, 410-421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
  48. Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Longman.
  49. Ungar, M. & Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed methods: Construction of the child and youth resilience measure. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5, 126–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/155868981140060
  50. Üzbe-Atalay, N. (2019). Resilience, courage, perceived stress, and perceived social support in LGBT individuals. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Gazi University.
  51. Wetterneck, C. T., Lee, E. B., Smith, A. H. & Hart, J. M. (2013). Courage, self-compassion, and values in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2, 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.09.002
  52. Wong, Y. J. (2006). Strength-centered therapy: A social constructionist, virtues-based psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(2), 133-146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.43.2.133
  53. Woodard, C. R. & Pury, C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage categorization and measurement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.59.2.135
  54. Woodard, C. R. (2004). Hardiness and the concept of courage. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 56(3), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.56.3.173
  55. Yang, J., Milliren A. & Blagen, M. (2009). The psychology of courage: An Adlerian handbook for healthy social living. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203893517