KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2

ALKANNA TAUSCH CİNSİNİN KİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİ, BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTELERİ VE GELENEKSEL KULLANIMLARINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

AN OVERVIEW OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND TRADITIONAL USES OF GENUS ALKANNA TAUSCH

Sadi Yusufbeyoğlu(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, GÜLHANE FACULTY OF PHARMACY, PHARMACY PR.)0000-0001-9947-5935
Ayşe Baldemir Kılıç(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GÜLHANE ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-2473-4837
Sayfa
519–538
Yayın Tarihi
2025-05-19
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Alkanna türlerinin kimyasal içerikleri ve aktif bileşenleri üzerinde önemli biyolojik aktivite çalışmaları yapıldığı ve etkili sonuçlar elde edildiği gözlemlenmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Amaç: Bu çalışmada, tıbbi açıdan önemli olduğu düşünülen ve halk arasında çeşitli geleneksel kullanımları bulunan Alkanna cinsinin kimyasal içerikleri ve biyolojik aktiviteleri üzerine yapılan bazı bilimsel çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Sonuç ve Tartışma: Alkanna türleri halk arasında eski çağlardan beri dermatolojik rahatsızlıklar, sarılık, böbrek taşı tedavisi ve yara iyileştirici, antinosiseptif, antiinflamatuar, antibakteriyel, antiseptik ve büzücü etkileri nedeniyle kullanılmaktadır.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Alkanna türlerinin kimyasal içerikleri ve aktif bileşenleri üzerinde önemli biyolojik aktivite çalışmaları yapıldığı ve etkili sonuçlar elde edildiği gözlemlenmiştir.
🔬Tür:Literatür & Derleme Çalışması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Alkanna · biyolojik aktivite · Boraginaceae

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, tıbbi açıdan önemli olduğu düşünülen ve halk arasında çeşitli geleneksel kullanımları bulunan Alkanna cinsinin kimyasal içerikleri ve biyolojik aktiviteleri üzerine yapılan bazı bilimsel çalışmalar özetlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Alkanna türleri halk arasında eski çağlardan beri dermatolojik rahatsızlıklar, sarılık, böbrek taşı tedavisi ve yara iyileştirici, antinosiseptif, antiinflamatuar, antibakteriyel, antiseptik ve büzücü etkileri nedeniyle kullanılmaktadır. Alkanna türlerinin kimyasal içerikleri ve aktif bileşenleri üzerinde önemli biyolojik aktivite çalışmaları yapıldığı ve etkili sonuçlar elde edildiği gözlemlenmiştir. Literatür verilerine göre, Alkanna türleri gelecekte ilaç geliştirme potansiyeli için önemli bir aday olabilir.

Abstract

Objective: This study summarizes some scientific studies conducted on the chemical contents and biological activities of the Alkanna genus, which is thought to be medically important and has various traditional uses among the public. Result and Discussion: Alkanna spp. have been used among the public since ancient times for the treatment of dermatological disorders, jaundice, kidney stones and for its wound healing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiseptic and astringent effects. It has been observed that there are important biological activity studies on the chemical contents and active ingredients of Alkanna spp. and effective results have been obtained. According to the literatüre data, the Alkanna spp. may be an important candidate for drug development potential in the future.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Yusufbeyoğlu, S., Kılıç, A. B. (2025). ALKANNA TAUSCH CİNSİNİN KİMYASAL BİLEŞİMİ, BİYOLOJİK AKTİVİTELERİ VE GELENEKSEL KULLANIMLARINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 2, 519–538. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1560567

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (80)

  1. Yuan, H., Ma, Q., Ye, L., Piao, G. (2016). The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules, 21(5), 559. [CrossRef]
  2. Singh, R. (2015). Medicinal plants: A review. Journal of Plant Sciences, 3(1), 50-55.
  3. Abdel-Gelil, O.E., Atwa, N.A., Moustafa, A.R.A., Mansour, S.R. (2019). Alkanna species: A promising herbal medicine and its uses. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 2(4), 309-315. [CrossRef]
  4. Huu Tung, N., Du, G.J., Wang, C.Z., Yuan, C.S., Shoyama, Y. (2013). Naphthoquinone components from Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch show significant antiproliferative effects on human colorectal cancer cells. Phytotherapy Research, 27(1), 66-70. [CrossRef]
  5. Khan, R.A., Awan, A.K., Ahmed, M., Alkreathy, H., Gul, A., Khan, A.M., Mahmood, A., Khan, A., Ul Haq, M.N., Alzahrani, K.S. (2022). In-vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic activities and phytotoxic profile of Alkanna tinctoria (Boraginaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 36-42. [CrossRef]
  6. Assimopoulou, A.N., Papageorgiou, V.P. (2005). Radical scavenging activity of Alkanna tinctoria root extracts and their main constituents, hydroxynaphthoquinones. Phytotherapy Research, 19(2), 141-147. [CrossRef]
  7. Sengul, M., Yildiz, H., Gungor, N., Cetin, B., Eser, Z., Ercisli, S. (2009). Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1).
  8. Mahomoodally, M.F., Zengin, G., Sinan, K.I., Ak, G., Sadeer, N.B., Angeloni, S., Mustafa, A.M., Caprioli, G., Maggi, F., Cakilcioglu, U., Kaplan, A., Babacan, E.Y., Bouyahya, A., Darendelioglu, E. (2021). Two medicinal plants (Alkanna trichophila and Convolvulus galaticus) from Turkey: Chemical Characterization and Biological Perspectives. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 18(10), e2100356. [CrossRef]
  9. Assimopoulou, A.N., Boskou, D., Papageorgiou, V.P. (2004). Antioxidant activities of alkannin, shikonin and Alkanna tinctoria root extracts in oil substrates. Food Chemistry, 87(3), 433-438. [CrossRef]
  10. Jafari, F., Nourian, A., Fazaeli, A., Yazdinezhad, A., Haniloo, A. (2013). In vitro activity of Alkanna frigida extracts in comparison with glucantime against Leishmania major. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 5(2).
  11. Davis, P. (1978). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (1978th ed., Vol. 6). Edinburgh University Press.
  12. Papageorgiou, V.P., Assimopoulou, A.N., Couladouros, E.A., Hepworth, D., Nicolaou, K.C. (1999). The chemistry and biology of alkannin, shikonin, and related naphthazarin natural products. In Angewandte Chemie-International Edition (Vol. 38, Issue 3). [CrossRef]
  13. Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babaç, M.T. (2012). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gokyigit Botanic Garden Publications, Flora series I, İstanbul, p. 220-223.
  14. Papageorgiou, V.P., Assimopoulou, A.N., Ballis, A.C. (2008). Alkannins and shikonins: A new class of wound healing agents. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 15(30), 3248-3267. [CrossRef]
  15. Jaradat, N.A., Zaid, A.N., Hussen, F., Issa, L., Altamimi, M., Fuqaha, B., Nawahda, A., Assadi, M. (2018). Phytoconstituents, antioxidant, sun protection and skin anti-wrinkle effects using four solvents fractions of the root bark of the traditional plant Alkanna tinctoria (L.). European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 21, 88-93. [CrossRef]
  16. Sezik, E., Yeşilada, E., Honda, G., Takaishi, Y., Takeda, Y., Tanaka, T. (2001). Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 75(2–3), 95-115. [CrossRef]
  17. Yousefi, R., Ghaffarifar, F., Asl, A.D. (2009). The effect of Alkanna tinctoria and Peganum harmala extracts on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in vitro. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 4(1).
  18. Akgul, A., Akgul, A., Senol, S.G., Yildirim, H., Secmen, O., Dogan, Y. (2018). An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 14(1), 1-18. [CrossRef]
  19. Demir, A. (2022). Economic and ecological importance of Alkanna orientalis var. orientalis (L.) Boiss. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 10(1), 1-10. [CrossRef]
  20. Assimopoulou, A.N., Papageorgiou, V.P. (2005). Radical scavenging activity of Alkanna tinctoria root extracts and their main constituents, hydroxynaphthoquinones. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 19(2), 141-147. [CrossRef]
  21. Kılıç, M., Yıldız, K., Kılıç, F.M. (2020). Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Artuklu, Turkey. Human Ecology, 48(5), 619-632. [CrossRef]
  22. Yiğit, B.M., Gözcü, S. (2024). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Ağri province, Türkiye: exploring traditional knowledge and therapeutic potential. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University, 48(2), 486-497. [CrossRef]
  23. Assimopoulou, A.N., Karapanagiotis, I., Vasiliou, A., Kokkini, S., Papageorgiou, V.P. (2006). Analysis of alkannin derivatives from Alkanna species by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array/mass spectrometry. Biomedical Chromatography, 20(12), 1359-1374. [CrossRef]
  24. Salimikia, I., Yazdinezhad, A., Golfakhrabadi, F., Esfahani, H.R. (2015). In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of four Alkanna species growing in Iran. Pharmacognosy Research, 7(1), 100. [CrossRef]
  25. Roeder, E., Wiedenfeld, H., Schraut, R. (1984). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Alkanna tinctoria. Phytochemistry, 23(9). [CrossRef]
  26. Roeder, E. (1995). Medicinal plants in Europe containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Pharmazie, 50(2), 83-98. [CrossRef]
  27. Semerdjieva, I., Petrova, G., Yankova-Tsvetkova, E., Doncheva, T., Kostova, N., Nikolova, R., Zheljazkov, V.D. (2020). Genetic diversity, reproductive capacity and alkaloids content in three endemic Alkanna species. PLoS ONE, 15(6), e0233516. [CrossRef]
  28. Ganos, C., Zengin, G., Chinou, I., Aligiannis, N., Graikou, K. (2024). Phytochemical profiling and biological assessment of the aerial parts from three mediterranean Alkanna species (A. orientalis, A. tinctoria, A. kotschyana) in the Boraginaceae Family. Plants, 13(2), 278. [CrossRef]
  29. Tufa, T., Damianakos, H., Zengin, G., Graikou, K., Chinou, I. (2019). Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of disodium rabdosiin isolated from Alkanna sfikasiana Tan, Vold and Strid. South African Journal of Botany, 120, 157-162. [CrossRef]
  30. Tappeiner, J., Vasiliou, A., Ganzera, M., Fessas, D., Stuppner, H., Papageorgiou, V.P., Assimopoulou, A. N. (2014). Quantitative determination of alkannins and shikonins in endemic Mediterranean Alkanna species. Biomedical Chromatography, 28(7). [CrossRef]
  31. Urbanek, H., Bergier, K., Saniewski, M., Patykowski, J. (1996). Effect of jasmonates and exogenous polysaccharides on production of alkannin pigments in suspension cultures of Alkanna tinctoria. Plant Cell Reports, 15, 637-641.[CrossRef]
  32. Pekin, G., Ganzera, M., Senol, S., Bedir, E., Korkmaz, K.S., Stuppner, H. (2007). Determination of naphthazarin derivatives in endemic Turkish Alkanna species by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Planta medica, 73(03), 267-272. [CrossRef]
  33. Akgun, I.H., Erkucuk, A., Pilavtepe, M., Yesil-Celiktas, O. (2011). Optimization of total alkannin yields of Alkanna tinctoria by using sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 57(1), 31-37. [CrossRef]
  34. Tawfik, W.A., Shams, K.A., Abdel-Azim, N.S., Hassan, N.M., Ismail, S.I. (2007). Naphthaquinones of Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4(1), 55-58. [CrossRef]
  35. Tzakou, O., Loukis, A. (2008). Chemical composition of Alkanna orientalis from Greece. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(6), 490-491. [CrossRef]
  36. Mansour, R.M., Saleh, N.A. (1986). The flavonoids of Alkanna orientalis. Journal of Natural Products, 49(2), 356-356.
  37. Elsohly, H.N., El-Feraly, F.S., Joshi, A.S., Walker, L.A. (1997). Antiviral flavonoids from Alkanna orientalis. Planta Medica, 63(04), 384-384. [CrossRef]
  38. El-Shazly, A., El-Domiaty, M., Witte, L., Wink, M. (1998). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in members of the Boraginaceae from Sinai (Egypt). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 26(6), 619-636. [CrossRef]
  39. Mollaei, S., Ebadi, M. (2022). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Alkanna bracteosa essential oil. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 58(3), 560-561. [CrossRef]
  40. Tufa, T., Damianakos, H., Graikou, K., Chinou, I. (2016). A phytochemical study of two endemic Greek Boraginaceae plants. Planta Medica, 81(01), 328. [CrossRef]
  41. Alwahibi, M.S., Perveen, K. (2017). Chemical analysis by GC-MS and in vitro antibacterial activity of Alkanna tinctoria extracts against skin infection causing bacteria. Biomedical Research, 28(18), 7946-7949.
  42. Sabih Ozer, M., Sarikurkcu, C., Tepe, B., Can, S. (2010). Essential oil composition and antioxidant activities of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria subsp. tinctoria). Food Science and Biotechnology, 19, 1177-1183. [CrossRef]
  43. Bame, J.R., Graf, T.N., Junio, H.A., Bussey, R.O., Jarmusch, S.A., El-Elimat, T., Falkinham, J.O., Oberlies, N.H., Cech, R.A., Cech, N.B. (2013). Sarothrin from Alkanna orientalis is an antimicrobial agent and efflux pump inhibitor. Planta Medica, 79(5), 327-329. [CrossRef]
  44. Zengin, G., Terzić, M., Abul, N., Gulcin, I., Koyuncu, I., Basarali, M.K., Đorđević, T., Cziáky, Z., Jekő, J., Cespedes- Acuna, C.L. (2024). A multidimensional study for design functional foods: Chemical profiling, antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic effects of Alkanna tubulosa extracts. Food Bioscience, 60, 104280. [CrossRef]
  45. Das, A., Biswas, S., Satyaprakash, K., Bhattacharya, D., Nanda, P.K., Patra, G., Moirangthem, S., Nath, S., Dhar, P., Verma, A.K., Biswas, O., Tardi, N.I., Bhunia, A.K., Das, A.K. (2024). Ratanjot (Alkanna tinctoria L.) root extract, rich in antioxidants, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens and ıs a potential food preservative. Foods, 13(14), 2254. [CrossRef]
  46. Alam Shah, M.K., Nawaz, A., Latif, M.S., Ullah, W., Ullah, A., Khan, A.A., Azad, A.K. (2024). Chitosan-based Mupirocin and Alkanna tinctoria extract nanoparticles for the management of burn wound: In vitro and in vivo characterization. Nanotechnology Reviews, 13(1), 20240065. [CrossRef]
  47. Esfahani, H.M., Esfahani, Z.N., Dehaghi, N.K., Hosseini-Sharifabad, A., Tabrizian, K., Parsa, M., Ostad, S.N. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract of Alkanna frigida and Alkanna orientalis. Journal of Natural Medicines, 66(3), 447-452. [CrossRef]
  48. Mahmoudi, S.Z., Seyedabadi, M., Esfahani, H.R.M., Amanzadeh, Y., Ostad, S.N. (2012). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Alkanna bracteosa and Alkanna tricophila. Natural Product Research, 26(6), 564-569. [CrossRef]
  49. Bayar, Y., Aksit, H. (2019). Determination of the antifungal activity of Alkanna orientalis plant extracts on the plant pathogens. Advanced Food Science, 41(2), 36-39.
  50. Saghafi, M.M., Behi, F., Lotfali, E., Vosoogh, M., Kreft, S., Fattahi, M. (2021). In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Alkanna tinctoria against Trichophyton rubrun and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17(3), 33-40.
  51. Zannou, O., & Koca, I. (2020). Optimization and stabilization of the antioxidant properties from Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) with natural deep eutectic solvents. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(8), 6437-6450. [CrossRef]
  52. Bogurcu, N., Sevimli-Gur, C., Ozmen, B., Bedir, E., Korkmaz, K.S. (2011). ALCAPs induce mitochondrial apoptosis and activate DNA damage response by generating ROS and inhibiting topoisomerase I enzyme activity in K562 leukemia cell line. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 409(4), 738-744. [CrossRef]
  53. Sevimli-Gur, C., Akgun, I.H., Deliloglu-Gurhan, I., Korkmaz, K.S., Bedir, E. (2010). Cytotoxic naphthoquinones from Alkanna cappadocica. Journal of Natural Products, 73(5), 860-864. [CrossRef]
  54. Rani, V., Revanasiddappa, B.C., Mahendra, G.S., Deshpande, S., Venkatesan, J., Appana Dalavi, P., Prabhu, A. (2023). Cytotoxic and apoptotic efficacy of Alkanna tinctoria on glioma cells. Natural Product Research, 37(22), 3873-3877. [CrossRef]
  55. Yaglıoglu, A.S., Eser, F., Dolarslan, M. (2022). Phenolic compounds, dyeing potential, and cytotoxic activity of Alkanna orientalis L. Boiss (Boraginaceae). AATCC Journal of Research, 9(2), 106-114. [CrossRef]
  56. Nasser, M.M., Diab, A.E.A.A., Hashem, A.L., Eldahmy, S.I., Mohallal, E.M. (2023). The ameliorative effect of Alkanna orientalis extract against Cerastes cerastes venom renal, lipogram and cholinergic toxicity. Bulletin of Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, (4), 155-162. [CrossRef]
  57. Bhatta, K., Nayak, U., Barik, E., Patra, B.K., Ranjan Behera, S., Pandey, M., Tabish, A., Behera, P. (2020). Alkanna tinctoria derived phytochemicals against Staphylococcus aureus causing eczema. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(9), 102-105. [CrossRef]
  58. Bogurcu, N., Sevimli-Gur, C., Ozmen, B., Bedir, E., Korkmaz, K.S. (2011). ALCAPs induce mitochondrial apoptosis and activate DNA damage response by generating ROS and inhibiting topoisomerase I enzyme activity in K562 leukemia cell line. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 409(4), 738-744. [CrossRef]
  59. Sahakyan, N., Petrosyan, M., Trchounian, A. (2019). The activity of Alkanna species in vitro culture and intact plant extracts against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25(16), 1861-1865. [CrossRef]
  60. Kaliora, A.C., Andrikopoulos, N.K. (2005). Effect of Alkanna albugam root on LDL oxidation. A comparative study with species of the Lamiaceae family. Phytotherapy Research, 19(12), 1077-1079. [CrossRef]
  61. Khan, U.A., Rahman, H., Qasim, M., Hussain, A., Azizllah, A., Murad, W., Khan, Z., Anees, M., Adnan, M. (2015). Alkanna tinctoria leaves extracts: A prospective remedy against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15(1), 1-6. [CrossRef]
  62. Güvenalp, Z., Özbek, H., Demirezer, L., Özbek, T., Güllüce, M. (2007). Antimutagenic potential of different extracts of Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss evaluated by Ames Salmonella/microsomal test. Planta Medica, 73(09), 543. [CrossRef]
  63. Gholami, M., Elyasigorji, Z., Amoli, A.D., Farzaneh, P. (2023). Effects of Alkanna bracteosa extract on the expression level of HSP90α and HER2 genes in human gastric cancer cell line. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 23(3), 877-886. [CrossRef]
  64. Kheiri, A., Amini, S., Javidan, A.N., Saghafi, M.M., Khorasani, G. (2017). The effects of Alkanna tinctoria Tausch on split-thickness skin graft donor site management: A randomized, blinded placebo-controlled trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1), 1-5. [CrossRef]
  65. Kusculu, N., Eser, F. (2022). Applicability of alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) extract for the histological staining of liver tissue. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 99(4), 100409. [CrossRef]
  66. Gümüş, K., Özlü, Z.K. (2017). The effect of a beeswax, olive oil and Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch mixture on burn injuries: An experimental study with a control group. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 34, 66-73. [CrossRef]
  67. Yang, X., Fan, W., Huang, R., Liu, G. (2021). β-acetoxyisovaleryl alkannin (AAN-II) from Alkanna tinctoria promotes the healing of pressure-induced venous ulcers in a rabbit model through the activation of TGF-β/Smad3 signaling. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 26, 1-11. [CrossRef]
  68. Doğan Şiğva, Z.Ö., Balci Okcanoğlu, T., Biray Avci, Ç., Yilmaz Süslüer, S., Kayabaşi, Ç., Turna, B., Dodurga, Y., Nazli, O., Gündüz, C. (2019). Investigation of the synergistic effects of paclitaxel and herbal substances and endemic plant extracts on cell cycle and apoptosis signal pathways in prostate cancer cell lines. Gene, 687, 261-271. [CrossRef]
  69. Ozbilgin, A., Durmuskahya, C., Kayalar, H., Ostan, I. (2014). Assessment of in vivo antimalarial activities of some selected medicinal plants from Turkey. Parasitology Research, 113(1), 165-173. [CrossRef]
  70. Papageorgiou, V.P. (1978). Wound healing properties of naphthaquinone pigments from Alkanna tinctoria. Experientia, 34(11). [CrossRef]
  71. Alshamar, H.A., Dapson, R.W. (2023). Using extract from alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) as a source of both a red lipid stain and a blue counterstain for histology. Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 98(8), 554-560. [CrossRef]
  72. Shabbir, M., Mohammad, F. (2023). Sustainable coloration and bioactive functionalization of wool fabric via plant-based naphthoquinone compounds. Fibers and Polymers, 24(1), 179-186. [CrossRef]
  73. Yiğit, S., Gezer, A., Bozlak, Ç.E.B., Çelik, S., Bingöl, S.A. (2023). Effects of herbal mixture on burned rat skin infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cukurova Medical Journal, 48(2), 472-479. [CrossRef]
  74. Oyardı, O., Ozcelik, B., Caliskan, U.K., Demir, Y.D., Ark, M. (2023). Screening of medicinal plant extracts as novel DNA gyrase inhibitors. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK), 22(1), 211-219. [CrossRef]
  75. AlMotawa, R.Y., Alhamid, G., Badran, M.M., Orfali, R., Alomrani, A.H., Tawfik, E.A., Almomen, A. (2024). Co-delivery of dragon’s blood and Alkanna tinctoria extracts using electrospun nanofibers: In vitro and in vivo wound healing evaluation in diabetic rat model. Pharmaceutics, 16(6), 704. [CrossRef]
  76. Alharbi, Y.T., Abdel-Mageed, W.M., Basudan, O.A., Mothana, R.A., Rehman, M.T., El Gamal, A.A., AlAjmi, M.F. (2024). Investigation of phytochemicals isolated from selected Saudi medicinal plants as natural inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 main protease: In vitro, molecular docking and simulation analysis. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 32(5), 102023. [CrossRef]
  77. Seyyedi, F., Shahsavarinia, K., Davami, B., Nazemiyeh, H., Kheiri, A., Valizadeh, H., Khodaie, L., Gharekhani, A. (2024). Clinical assessment of an ointment obtained from Alkanna orientalis root extract in the management of burn wounds: A pilot cross-sectional clinical trial. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(3), 621-629. [CrossRef]
  78. Aburjai, T., Al-Janabi, R., Al-Mamoori, F., Azzam, H. (2019). In vivo wound healing and antimicrobial activity of Alkanna strigose. Wound Medicine, 25(1), 100152. [CrossRef]
  79. Sevimli-Gür, C., Korkmaz, K.S., Akgün, İ.H., Deliloğlu-Gürhan, İ., Bedir, E. (2009). Chemistry and biological activities of naphthoquinones from Alkanna cappadocica Boiss. & Bal. Planta Medica, 75(09), PE51. [CrossRef]
  80. Abdel-Gelil, O.E., Atwa, N.A., Moustafa, A.R.A., Mansour, S.R. (2019). Alkanna species: A promising herbal medicine and its uses. Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research, 2(4), 309-315. [CrossRef]