KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Öneri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 21 Sayı: 65

ETNİK KİMLİK VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ: YAKIN İLİŞKİLERDE İKİRCİKLİLİĞİN ARACI ROLÜ

ETHNIC IDENTITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF AMBIVALENCE IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS

Cansu Yılmaz(ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7445-1301
Sayfa
428–448
Yayın Tarihi
2026-01-29
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Bulgular, etnik kimliğe atfedilen önemin, ilişkilerde hissedilen ikircikli duyguları azaltarak psikolojik iyi oluşlarını güçlendirebileceğini ortaya koymakta ve sosyal ilişkilerin iyi oluşla yakından ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’den 422 yetişkinin katılımıyla etnik kimlik ve ilişkilerde hissedilen ikircikli duyguların psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Hedonik iyi oluş için ise hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı olarak ölçülen ikircikliliğin aracılık rolü olduğu ve ikircikliliğin azalmasının iyi oluşta artışla bağlantılı olduğu bulunmuştur.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Bulgular, etnik kimliğe atfedilen önemin, ilişkilerde hissedilen ikircikli duyguları azaltarak psikolojik iyi oluşlarını güçlendirebileceğini ortaya koymakta ve sosyal ilişkilerin iyi oluşla yakından ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
🔬Tür:Uygulamalı Anket & Alan Araştırması
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Etnik Kimlik · İlişkilerde İkirciklilik · Ödamonik İyi Oluş

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’den 422 yetişkinin katılımıyla etnik kimlik ve ilişkilerde hissedilen ikircikli duyguların psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. İlişkilerde doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak hissedilen ikircikli duyguların etnik kimliğe verilen önem ile psikolojik iyi oluş (hedonik ve ödamonik) arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolü üstlenip üstlenmediği çevrimiçi anket yoluyla test edilmiştir. SPSS PROCESS makro kullanılarak yürütülen aracılık analizleri, etnik kimliğe verilen önemin ödamonik iyi oluşu doğrudan ölçülen ikirciklilik aracılığıyla pozitif yönde yordadığını; ancak dolaylı olarak ölçülen ikircikliliğin benzer bir aracılık rolü üstlenmediğini göstermiştir. Hedonik iyi oluş için ise hem doğrudan hem de dolaylı olarak ölçülen ikircikliliğin aracılık rolü olduğu ve ikircikliliğin azalmasının iyi oluşta artışla bağlantılı olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmada cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim ve ilişki durumu kontrol edilmiş; yaş ve ilişki durumunun bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluşlarına olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı saptanmıştır. Bulgular, etnik kimliğe atfedilen önemin, ilişkilerde hissedilen ikircikli duyguları azaltarak psikolojik iyi oluşlarını güçlendirebileceğini ortaya koymakta ve sosyal ilişkilerin iyi oluşla yakından ilişkili olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

Abstract

This study examined the role of ethnic identity and relationship ambivalence in predicting psychological well-being among 422 adults from Turkey. Specifically, the mediating role of relationship ambivalence (direct and indirect) on the link between the importance of ethnic identity and well-being (hedonic and eudaimonic) was examined using an online survey. Mediation analyses, using SPSS PROCESS macro, indicated that the importance attached to ethnic identity positively predicted eudaimonic well-being through a reduction in direct ambivalence, but not through indirect ambivalence. For hedonic well-being, both direct and indirect ambivalence mediated the relationship between the importance of ethnic identity and well-being, with reductions in ambivalence linking to increased well-being. Gender, age, education, and relationship status were included as covariates, with age and relationship status positively predicting well-being outcomes. These findings suggest that the significance individuals place on their ethnic identity may enhance their psychological well-being by alleviating relationship ambivalence, drawing attention to the impact of social relationships on well-being.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Yılmaz, C. (2026). ETNİK KİMLİK VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ: YAKIN İLİŞKİLERDE İKİRCİKLİLİĞİN ARACI ROLÜ. Öneri Dergisi, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 65, 428–448. https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.1781298

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (76)

  1. Abu‐Rayya, H. M. (2006). Ethnic identity, ego identity, and psychological well‐being among mixed‐ethnic Arab European adolescents in Israel. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24(4), 669-679. https://doi. org/10.1348/026151005X59196
  2. Arroyo, C. G., & Zigler, E. (1995). Racial identity, academic achievement, and the psychological well-being of economically disadvantaged adolescents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 903 914. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.903
  3. Baumeister, R. F. (2011). Self and identity: A brief overview of what they are, what they do, and how they work. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1234(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749 6632.2011.06224.x
  4. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (2017). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. In R. Zukauskiene (Ed.), Interpersonal development (pp. 57-89). Routledge.
  5. Birditt, K. S., Fingerman, K. L., & Zarit, S. (2010). Adult children‘s problems and successes: Implications for intergenerational ambivalence. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Science, 65(2), 145-153. https://doi. org/10.1093/geronb/gbp125
  6. Bleuler, E. (1914). Die Ambivalenz [Ambivalence]. In: Umvers1tat Zunch (Ed.), Festgabe zur einweihung der neubauten (pp. 95-106). Schultbess & Co.
  7. Braithwaite, S., & Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2017). Romantic relationships and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 120-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.001.
  8. Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77(1), 135-149.
  9. Corenblum, B. (2014). Relationships between racial–ethnic identity, self-esteem and in-group attitudes among first nation children. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 43, 387-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10964.013.0081-8
  10. Connidis, I. A. (2010). Family ties and aging ( 2nd ed.). Pine Forge Press.
  11. Connidis, I. A. (2015). Exploring ambivalence in family ties: Progress and prospects. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12150
  12. Destin, M., Rheinschmidt-Same, M., & Richeson, J. A. (2019). Implications of intersecting socioeconomic and racial-ethnic identities for academic achievement and well-being. In J. J. Lockman (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 57, pp. 149-167). JAI.
  13. Ferring, D., Michels, T., Boll, T., & Filipp, S.-H. (2009). Emotional relationship quality of adult children with ageing parents: On solidarity, conflict and ambivalence. European Journal on Ageing, 6, 253-265. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10433.009.0133-9
  14. Fingerman, K. L., Chen, P. C., Hay, E. L., Cichy, K. E., & Lefkowitz, E. S. (2006). Ambivalent reactions in the parent and offspring relationship. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(3), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.3.P152
  15. Fingerman, K. L., Hay, E., and Birditt, K. S. (2004). The best of ties, the worst of ties: Close, problematic, and ambivalent social relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66(3), 792-808. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00053.x
  16. Fingerman, K.L., Pitzer, L., Lefkowitz, E.S., Birditt, K.S., and Mroczek, D. (2008). Ambivalent relationship qualities between adults and their parents: implications for the well-being of both parties. Journal of Gerontology, 63B(6), 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.6.P362
  17. Gallor, S. M., & Fassinger, R. E. (2010). Social support, ethnic identity, and sexual identity of lesbians and gay men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 22(3), 287-315.
  18. Glasford, D. E., Dovidio, J. F., & Pratto, F. (2009). I continue to feel so good about us: In-group identification and the use of social identity—Enhancing strategies to reduce intragroup dissonance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35(4), 415-427. https://doi.org/10.1177/014.616.7208329216
  19. Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Branscombe, N. R., Ysseldyk, R., & Heldreth, C. (2015). From “we” to “me”: Group identification enhances perceived personal control with consequences for health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(1), 53-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/ pspi0000019
  20. Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G., & Chang, M. X. L. (2016). Groups 4 Health: Evidence that a social-identity intervention that builds and strengthens social group membership improves mental health. Journal of Affective Disorders, 194, 188-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.01.010
  21. Haslam, C., Jetten, J., & Haslam, S. A. (2012). 17 Advancing the social cure. In J. Jetten, C. Haslam, & A. Haslam (Eds.), The social cure: Identity, health and well-being (pp. 319-343). Psychology Press.
  22. Häusser, J. A., Junker, N. M., & van Dick, R. (2020). The how and the when of the social cure: A conceptual model of group‐and individual‐level mechanisms linking social identity to health and well‐being. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(4), 721-732. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2668
  23. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. Guilford Publications.
  24. Hogg, M. A. (2005). Uncertainty, social identity, and ideology. In S. R. Thye & E. J. Lawler (Eds.), Social identification in groups (Vol. 22, pp. 203-229). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  25. Hogg, M. A. (2009). Managing self-uncertainty through group identification. Psychological Inquiry, 20(4), 221 224. https://doi.org/10.1080/104.784.00903333452
  26. Huta, V., Ryan, R. M. (2010). Pursuing pleasure or virtue: The differential and overlapping well-being benefits of hedonic and eudaimonic motives. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11, 735-762. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10902.009.9171-4
  27. Jetten, J., Haslam, C., & Alexander, S. H. (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. Psychology Press.
  28. Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, C., & Steffens, N. K. (2017). Advancing the social identity approach to health and well‐being: Progressing the social cure research agenda. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(7), 789-802. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2333
  29. Jetten, J., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2009). The social cure. Scientific American Mind, 20(5), 26-33.
  30. Johnson, P. O., & Neyman, J. (1936). Tests of certain linear hypotheses and their application to some educational problems. Statistical Research Memoirs, 1, 57-93.
  31. Jetten, J., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G., & Jones, J. M. (2014). How groups affect our health and wellbeing: The path from theory to policy. Social Issues and Policy Review, 8(1), 103-130. https://doi. org/10.1111/sipr.12003
  32. Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (1999). Well-being: Foundations of hedonic psychology. Russell Sage Foundation.
  33. Kiang, L., Yip, T., Gonzales‐Backen, M., Witkow, M., & Fuligni, A. J. (2006). Ethnic identity and the daily psychological well‐being of adolescents from Mexican and Chinese backgrounds. Child Development, 77(5), 1338-1350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00938.x
  34. Kroger, J. (2007). Identity development: Adolescence through adulthood. Sage.
  35. Lee, H. J., & Szinovacz, M. E. (2016). Positive, negative, and ambivalent interactions with family and friends: Associations with well‐being. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(3), 660-679. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jomf.12302
  36. Lendon, J. P. (2012). The measurement, life course patterns, and outcomes of intergenerational ambivalence among parent-adult child dyads [Doctoral dissertation, University of Southern California].
  37. Lendon, J. P., Silverstein, M., & Giarrusso, R. (2014). Ambivalence in older parent–adult child relationships: Mixed feelings, mixed measures. Journal of Marriage and Family, 76(2), 272-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jomf.12101
  38. Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one’s social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), 302-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/014.616.7292183006
  39. Lüscher, K. (2003). Conceptualizing and uncovering intergenerational ambivalence. In Intergenerational ambivalences: New perspectives on parent-child relations in later life (pp. 23-62). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  40. Maehler, D. B. (2022). Determinants of ethnic identity development in adulthood: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 40(1), 46-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12384
  41. Marcia, J. E. (2002). Identity and psychosocial development in adulthood. Identity, 2(1), 7-28. https://doi. org/10.1207/S1532706XID0201_02
  42. Martinez, R. O., & Dukes, R. L. (1997). The effects of ethnic identity, ethnicity, and gender on adolescent well being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(5), 503-516. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:102.452.5821078
  43. McDonald, A., Thompson, A. J., Perzow, S. E. D., Joos, C., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2020). The protective roles of ethnic identity, social support, and coping on depression in low-income parents: A test of the adaptation to poverty-related stress model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 88(6), 504-515. https:// doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000477
  44. Phinney, J. S., Ferguson, D. L., & Tate, J. D. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development, 68(5), 955-969. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01973.x
  45. Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K., & Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well‐being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 493-510. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022 4537.00225
  46. Phinney, J. S., Jacoby, B., & Silva, C. (2007). Positive intergroup attitudes: The role of ethnic identity. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(5), 478-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/016.502.5407081466
  47. Pillemer, K. & Suitor, J. J. (2002). Explaining mothers’ ambivalence toward their adult children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 602-613. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00602.x
  48. Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. (2004). Ambivalence and the study of intergenerational relations. In M. Silverstein & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics (pp. 3-23). Springer Publishing.
  49. Pillemer, K., Suitor, J. J., Mock, S.E., Sabir, M., Pardo, T.B., & Sechrist, J. (2007). Capturing the complexity of intergenerational relations: Exploring ambivalence within later-life families. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 775-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00536.x
  50. Rivas-Drake, D., Hughes, D., & Way, N. (2008). A closer look at peer discrimination, ethnic identity, and psychological well-being among urban Chinese American sixth graders. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964.007.9227-x
  51. Rook, K. S., Luong, G., Sorkin, D. H., Newsom, J. T., & Krause, N. (2012). Ambivalent versus problematic social ties: Implications for psychological health, functional health, and interpersonal coping. Psychology and Aging, 27(4), 912-923. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029246
  52. Rousseau, D. L., & Garcia-Retamero, R. (2007). Identity, power, and threat perception: A cross-national experimental study. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51(5), 744-771. https://doi.org/10.1177/002.200.2707304813
  53. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022 3514.57.6.1069
  54. Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902.006.9019-0
  55. Selcuk, E., Gunaydin, G., Ong, A. D., & Almeida, D. M. (2016). Does partner responsiveness predict hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being? A 10‐year longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(2), 311 325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12272
  56. Sellers, R. M., Caldwell, C. H., Schmeelk-Cone, K. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(3), 302-317. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519781
  57. Smith, T. B., & Sylva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A metaanalysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58, 42-6. http://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/cou/ index.aspx
  58. Suitor, J. J., Gilligan, M., & Pillemer, K. (2011). Conceptualizing and measuring intergenerational ambivalence in later life. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 66, 769-781. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbr108
  59. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin, & S. Worchel (Eds), The social psychology of intergroup relations. Brooks/Cole.
  60. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel, & W. G. Austin (Eds), Psychology of intergroup relations. Nelson-Hall.
  61. Thompson, M. M., Zanna, M. P., Griffin, D. W. (1995). Let’s not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 361-385). Erlbaum.
  62. Uchino, B. N., Cawthon, R. M., Smith, T. W., Light, K. C., McKenzie, J., Carlisle, M.,. & Bowen, K. (2012). Social relationships and health: Is feeling positive, negative, or both (ambivalent) about your social ties related to telomeres?. Health Psychology, 31(6), 789-796. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026836
  63. Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2004). Ethnic identity and self-esteem: Examining the role of social context. Journal of adolescence, 27(2), 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.11.006
  64. Umaña-Taylor, A. J., Diversi, M., & Fine, M. A. (2002). Ethnic Identity and Self-Esteem of Latino Adolescents: Distinctions Among The Latino Populations. Journal of Adolescent Research, 17(3), 303-327. https://doi. org/10.1177/074.355.8402173005
  65. Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Updegraff, K. A. (2007). Latino adolescents’ mental health: Exploring the interrelations among discrimination, ethnic identity, cultural orientation, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Adolescence, 30(4), 549-567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.08.002
  66. Utsey, S. O., Chae, M. H., Brown, C. F., & Kelly, D. (2002). Effect of ethnic group membership on ethnic identity, race-related stress, and quality of life. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8(4), 366-377. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.8.4.367
  67. van Gaalen, R. I., & Dykstra, P. A. (2006). Solidarity and conflict between adult children and parents: A latent class analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 947-960. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741 3737.2006.00306.x
  68. van Gaalen, R. I., Dykstra, P. A., & Komter, A. E. (2010). Where is the exit? Intergenerational ambivalence and relationship quality in high contact ties. Journal of Aging Studies, 24, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jaging.2008.10.006
  69. Verstaen, A., Haase, C. M., Lwi, S. J., & Levenson, R. W. (2020). Age-related changes in emotional behavior: Evidence from a 13-year longitudinal study of long-term married couples. Emotion, 20(2), 149 163. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000551
  70. Wei, J., Candini, M., Menabò, L., Guarini, A., Rubini, M., & Frassinetti, F. (2024). Belonging matters: The impact of social identification with classmates, friends, and family on interpersonal distance and bullying/ cyberbullying in adolescence. PLOS ONE, 19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297370.
  71. Willson, A. E., Shuey, K. M., Elder Jr, G. H., & Wickrama, K. A. S. (2006). Ambivalence in mother-adult child relations: A dyadic analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 69(3), 235-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/019.0 27.250606900302
  72. Wong, C. A., Eccles, J. S., & Sameroff, A. (2003). The influence of ethnic discrimination and ethnic identification on African American adolescents’ school and socioemotional adjustment. Journal of Personality, 71(6), 1197-1232. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.710.6012
  73. Zoppolat, G., Righetti, F., Faure, R., & Schneider, I. K. (2024). A systematic study of ambivalence and well being in romantic relationships. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 15(3), 329-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/194.855.06231165585
  74. Zayas, V., & Shoda, Y. (2015). Love you? Hate you? Maybe it’s both: Evidence that significant others trigger bivalent-priming. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(1), 56-64. https://doi. org/10.1177/194.855.0614541297
  75. Braithwaite, S., & Holt‐Lunstad, J. (2017). Romantic relationships and mental health. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 120-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.04.001.
  76. Uchino, B. N., Cawthon, R. M., Smith, T. W., Light, K. C., McKenzie, J., Carlisle, M.,. & Bowen, K. (2012). Social relationships and health: Is feeling positive, negative, or both (ambivalent) about your social ties related to telomeres?. Health Psychology, 31(6), 789-796. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026836