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Dergiler / European Journal of Biology / 2025 / Volume: 84 Issue: 2

Comparison of Catechol-Induced Expression Levels of ATM, ATR, BAX, BCL2, and CCND1 Genes Between Parental and Epirubicin-Resistant NSCLC Cells

Zeynep Demir(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4014-8467
Aysun Özkan(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-9403-3342
Berkay Sungur(BOĞAZİÇİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5567-0146
Sayfa
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Yayın Tarihi
2025-12-18
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⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

This study proposes a promising direction for the development of safer and more effective chemotherapy drugs that spare healthy cells and potential clinical applications for catechol.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

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Amaç & Hipotez:Objective: This study investigated the apoptotic effects of catechol on lung cancer by comparing gene expression levels in parental lung cancer cells (P-H1299), Epirubicin-HCl resistant lung cancer cells (R H1299), and healthy fibroblast cells (Bj).
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Temel Bulgular & Veri:To understand the apoptotic effect of catechol, caspase-3/7 activity was measured using a kit.
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Sonuç & Katkı:This study proposes a promising direction for the development of safer and more effective chemotherapy drugs that spare healthy cells and potential clinical applications for catechol.
🔬Tür:Research Article
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Apoptosis · Catechol · Drug resistance

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated the apoptotic effects of catechol on lung cancer by comparing gene expression levels in parental lung cancer cells (P-H1299), Epirubicin-HCl resistant lung cancer cells (R H1299), and healthy fibroblast cells (Bj). Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effects of catechol on cells were determined using a Cell Titer-Blue Cell viability assay. To understand the apoptotic effect of catechol, caspase-3/7 activity was measured using a kit. RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of the ATM, ATR, BAX, BCL2, CCND1, and PCNA genes. Results: The IC₅₀ values for catechol were determined to be 58 µM for P-H1299, 90 µM for R-H1299, and 207 µM for BJ cells, indicating selective cytotoxicity towards cancerous cells. Caspase 3 activity and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio analyses revealed increased apoptosis in cancer cells, especially in drug-resistant R-H1299 cells. Gene expression analysis revealed increased ATM and ATR mRNA levels in P-H1299 cells, indicating the most DNA damage. Molecular docking studies have suggested that catechol's lower DNA binding affinity compared with known intercalating agents, such as Epirubicin and Doxorubicin, implies a mechanism of action reliant on reactive oxygen species rather than direct DNA intercalation. Efficient antioxidant mechanisms facilitate high survival rates of healthy cells. Conclusion: Results indicate that catechol cytotoxicity is mainly caused by ROS-induced DNA damage, offering a novel strategy for targeting both parental and drug-resistant lung cancer cells. This study proposes a promising direction for the development of safer and more effective chemotherapy drugs that spare healthy cells and potential clinical applications for catechol.

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Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Demir, Z., Özkan, A., Sungur, B. (2025). Comparison of Catechol-Induced Expression Levels of ATM, ATR, BAX, BCL2, and CCND1 Genes Between Parental and Epirubicin-Resistant NSCLC Cells. European Journal of Biology, Volume: 84 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.26650/EurJBiol.2025.1612786

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