KaydedilenlerDerginizi ekleyin

Dergiler / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

GÜNEŞ PİLİ İLE BESLENEN ŞEBEKE ETKİLEŞİMLİ EVİRİCİLER — GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

İbrahim Sefa
Necmi Altın
Sayfa
—
Yayın Tarihi
2013-02-14
DOI
—
🏛️Bu makalenin bibliyografik verileri ve tam metin bağlantısı DergiPark üzerinden sağlanmıştır.
DergiPark Kaydı ↗
✨

Yapay Zeka Hızlı Bakış & Çıkarımlar

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(1 Cümlede Hızlı Çıkarım)

Sonuç olarak geçmişten günümüze incelenen eviriciler verim, maliyet, boyut, güvenilirlik ve güvenlik gibi kriterlere bağlı olarak karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde sunulmuş ve araştırmacıların evirici seçiminde kullanabileceği kapsamlı bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.

📌 3 Maddede Bu Makale

🎯
Amaç & Hipotez:Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisinden üretilen elektrik enerjisinin daha verimli ve etkin bir biçimde kullanılmasını sağlamak amacıyla kullanılan şebeke etkileşimli eviricilere genel bir bakış sunulmaktadır.
📊
Temel Bulgular & Veri:Ayrıca, şebeke etkileşimli eviricilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile şebekeye bağlantı şartlarını belirleyen uluslararası standartlar sunulmuştur.
💡
Sonuç & Katkı:Sonuç olarak geçmişten günümüze incelenen eviriciler verim, maliyet, boyut, güvenilirlik ve güvenlik gibi kriterlere bağlı olarak karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde sunulmuş ve araştırmacıların evirici seçiminde kullanabileceği kapsamlı bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.
🔬Tür:Makale
📍Kapsam:Genişletilmiş Akademik Örneklem
⚙️Değişkenler:Alan Parametreleri

Özet

Bu çalışmada güneş enerjisinden üretilen elektrik enerjisinin daha verimli ve etkin bir biçimde kullanılmasını sağlamak amacıyla kullanılan şebeke etkileşimli eviricilere genel bir bakış sunulmaktadır. Evirici yapılarının tarihi gelişimi, günümüz topolojileri, gelecekteki beklenti ve eğilimler araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, şebeke etkileşimli eviricilerde bulunması gereken özellikler ile şebekeye bağlantı şartlarını belirleyen uluslararası standartlar sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak geçmişten günümüze incelenen eviriciler verim, maliyet, boyut, güvenilirlik ve güvenlik gibi kriterlere bağlı olarak karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde sunulmuş ve araştırmacıların evirici seçiminde kullanabileceği kapsamlı bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir.

🔖

Bu Makaleye Atıf Yap

Sefa, İ., Altın, N. (2013). GÜNEŞ PİLİ İLE BESLENEN ŞEBEKE ETKİLEŞİMLİ EVİRİCİLER — GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3. https://ajindex.com/articles/1078707

📄 Tam Metin PDF Okuyucu

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

Kaynakça (409)

  1. Saha, S., Sundarsingh, V.P., “Novel Grid-
  2. Connected Photovoltaic Inverter”, Generation,
  3. Transmission and Distribution, IEE
  4. Proceedings-Volume 143, Issue 2, 219–224,
  5. Barbosa, P.G., Rolim, L.G.B., Watanabe, E.H.,
  6. Hanitsch, R., “Control Strategy for Grid-
  7. Connected DC-AC Converters with Load Power
  8. Factor Correction, Generation, Transmission
  9. and Distribution, IEE Proceedings, Volume:, Issue: 5, 487-491, 1998.
  10. Beck, M. K., “A Comprehensive Solar Electric
  11. System for Remote Areas” The International
  12. Journal on The Science and Technology Of
  13. Desalting and Water Purification
  14. (Desalination), Vol. 209, Issue 1-3, 312–318,
  15. Godoy, R.B., Maia, H.Z., Filho, F.J. T., Galotto,
  16. L.;. Pinto, J.O. P, Tatibana, G.S., “Design and
  17. Implementation of a Utility Interactive Converter
  18. for Small Distributed Generation” Industry
  19. Applications Conference, 41st IAS Annual
  20. Meeting. Conference Record of the, IEEE,
  21. Volume 2, Florida, USA, 1032 – 1038, 8-12 Oct.
  22. Shireen, W., Arefeen, M. S., “An utility
  23. interactive power electronics interface for
  24. alternate/renewable energy systems”, Energy
  25. Conversion, IEEE Transaction on, Volume 11,
  26. Issue 3, 643 – 649, 1996.
  27. Gu, H., Yang, Z., Wang, D., Wu, W., “Research
  28. on Control Method of Double-Mode Inverter
  29. with Grid-Connection and Stand Alone”, Power
  30. Electronics and Motion Control Conference,
  31. IPEMC '06, CES/IEEE 5th International, Vol., Shanghai, China, 1 - 5, Aug. 2006 2006.
  32. Li, Q., Wolfs, P., “Recent Developments in the
  33. Topologies for Photovoltaic Module Integrated
  34. Converters”, Power Electronics Specialists
  35. Conference, PESC '06. 37th IEEE, Jeju, Korea,
  36. 8, 18-22 June 2006
  37. Alepuz, S., Gilabert, A., Arguelles, E., Bordonau,
  38. J., Peracaula, J., “A New Approach for the
  39. Connection of a Three-Level Inverter to the
  40. Power Grid for Applications in Solar Energy
  41. Conversion”, IEEE 28th Annual Conference of
  42. the Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 02,
  43. Volume 4, Sevilla, Spain, 3285 – 3290, 5-8 Nov.
  44. Calais, M., Myrzik, J., Spooner, T., Agelidis, V.
  45. G., “Inverters for Single-Phase Grid Connected
  46. Photovoltaic Systems—An Overview” Proc.
  47. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists
  48. Conference, PESC’02, IEEE, Vol. 2,
  49. Queensland, Australia, 1995–2000, 23 - 27 June
  50. Rahim, N. A., Selvaraj, J.,Krismanidata,
  51. “Hysteresis Current Control and Sensorless
  52. MPPT for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic
  53. Systems” Industrial Electronics, ISIE 2007,
  54. IEEE International Symposium on, Vigo,
  55. Spain, 572 - 577, 4-7 June 2007.
  56. Jung, S., Bae, Y., Choi, S., Kim, H., “A Low
  57. Cost Utility Interactive Inverter for Residantial
  58. Power Generation” Power Electronics
  59. Specialists Conference, PESC '06, 37th IEEE,
  60. Jeju, Korea, 1 – 6, 18-22 June 2006
  61. Nonaka, S., Kesamaru, K., Yamasaki, K., Nishi,
  62. N., ”Interconnection System with Single Phase
  63. IGBT PWM CSI Between Photovoltaic Arrays
  64. and the Utility Line” Industry Applications
  65. Society Annual Meeting, Conference Record
  66. of the 1990 IEEE, Vol.2, Seattle, USA, 1302 –, 7-12 Oct. 1990
  67. Zue A.O., Chandra A., “Simulation and Stability
  68. Analysis of A 100 KW Grid Connected LCL
  69. Photovoltaic Inverter For Industry”, Power
  70. Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006.
  71. IEEE, Montréal (Québec) Canada, 1-6, 18-22
  72. June 2006.
  73. Hohm, D. P., Ropp, M.E., “Comparative Study of
  74. Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithms”,
  75. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and
  76. Applications, Vol. 11, Issue 1, 47 – 62, 2002.
  77. Walker, G., “Evaluating MPPT Converter
  78. Topologies Using a MATLAB PV Model”
  79. Journal of Electrical and Electronics
  80. Engineering, Australia, Vol. 21, No:1, 49-56,
  81. Enslin, J., H. R., Wolf, M. S., Synman, D. B.,
  82. Swiegers, W.,”Integrated Photovoltaic Maximum
  83. Power Point Tracking Converter”, IEEE
  84. Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol., No. 6, 769-773, 1997.
  85. Calais, M., Hınz, H., “A Ripple-Based Maximum
  86. Power Point Tracking Algorithm For A Single-
  87. Phase, Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System”,
  88. Solar Energy, Vol. 63, No. 5, 277–282, 1998.
  89. Patcharaprakiti, N., Premrudeepreechacharn, S.,
  90. Sriuthaisiriwong, Y., “Maximum Power Point
  91. Tracking Using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control
  92. for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System”,
  93. Renewable Energy, Vol. 30, 1771–1788, 2005.
  94. Yuvarajan, S., Yu D., Xu, S., “A Novel Power
  95. Converter for Photovoltaic Applications”
  96. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 135, 327–331,
  97. Wang, X., Kazerani, M., “A Novel Maximum
  98. Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic
  99. Grid-Connected Inverters”, The 29th Annual
  100. Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics
  101. Society, IECON '03, Volume 3, Virginia, USA,
  102. 2337, 2-6 Nov. 2003.
  103. Ahmed, T., Nakaoka, M., Nagai, S., “Utility Grid
  104. Interfaced PV Power Conditioner Using Boost
  105. Chopper-Four Switch Three Phase Inverter with
  106. A Novel Quasi Resonant DC Link Snubber”
  107. Applied Power Electronics Conference and
  108. Exposition, APEC '06, Twenty-First Annual
  109. IEEE, Dallas, Texas, USA, 1081-1087, 19-23
  110. March 2006.
  111. Hojo, M., Ohnishi, T., “Adjustable Harmonic
  112. Mitigation for Grid-Connection Photovoltaic
  113. System Utilizing Surplus Capacity of Utility
  114. Interactive Inverter”, Power Electronics
  115. Specialists Conference, PESC '06, 37 th IEEE,
  116. Jeju, Korea 1 - 6, 18-22 June 2006.
  117. Kang, F., Park, S. J., Cho, S. E., Kim, J. M.,
  118. “Photovoltaic power interface circuit
  119. incorporated with a buck-boost converter and a
  120. full-bridge inverter”, Applied Energy, Vol. 82,
  121. 283, 2005.
  122. Kjaer, S. B., Pederson, J. K., Blaabjerg, F., “A
  123. Review of Single-Phase Grid-Connected
  124. Inverters for Photovoltaik Modules”, IEEE
  125. Transactions on Industry Aplications, Vol. 41,
  126. , 1292-1306, 2005.
  127. Myrzik, J. M. A., Calais, M., “String and Module
  128. Integrated Inverters for Single-Phase Grid
  129. Connected Photovoltaic Systems - A Review”
  130. IEEE Power Tech Conference, Vol 2,
  131. Bologna, Italy, 1-8, 23-26 June 2003.
  132. Masoud K., Ledwich G., “Aspects of Grid
  133. Interfacing: Current and Voltage Controllers”,
  134. Australasian Universities Power Engineering
  135. Conference and IEAust Electric Energy
  136. Conference, AUPEC/EECON'99, Darwin
  137. Australia, 260-265, 26-29 September 1999.
  138. Sefa,I., Altin, N., “Simulation of Current
  139. Controlled Grid Interactive Inverter” Conference
  140. on Technical and Physical Problems in Power
  141. Engineering, TPE-2006 3rd, Ankara, Turkey,
  142. 968, 29-31 May 2006.
  143. “Maximum power point tracking using adaptive
  144. fuzzy logic control for grid-connected
  145. photovoltaic system”, Power Engineering
  146. Society Winter Meeting, IEEE, Volume 1, New
  147. York, USA, 372 – 377, 27-31 Jan. 2002.
  148. Uemara, N., Yokoyama, T., “Current Control
  149. Method Using Voltage Deadbeat Control for
  150. Single Phase Utility Interactive Inverter”,
  151. Telecommunications Energy Conference,
  152. INTELEC '03, The 25th International,
  153. Yokohama, Japan, 40-45, 19-23 Oct. 2003.
  154. Yu, H., Pan, J., Xiang, A., “A Multi-Function
  155. Grid-Connected PV System with Reactive Power
  156. Compensation for the Grid”, Solar Energy, Vol., 101–106, 2005.
  157. Hirachi, K., Tomokuni, Y., “Improved Control
  158. Strategy to Eliminate The Harmonic Current
  159. Components for Single Phase PWM Current
  160. Source Inverter”, Telecommunications Energy
  161. Conference, 1997. INTELEC 97, 19th
  162. International, Melbourne, Australia, 189 – 194,
  163. 23 Oct. 1997.
  164. Baker, D. M., Agelidis, V. G., Chen, J. Y., “A
  165. Five Level Zero Average Current Error
  166. Controlled Single-Phase Grid-Interactive
  167. Inverter” Power Electronic Drives and Energy
  168. Systems for Industrial Growth, International
  169. Conference on, PEDES’98, IEEE, Volume 1,
  170. Perth, Western Australia, 50-55, 1-3 Dec. 1998.
  171. Hudson, R.M., Thorne, T., Mekanik, F., Behnke,
  172. M.R., Gonzalez, S., Ginn, J., “Implementation
  173. And Testing Of Anti-Islanding Algorithms For
  174. IEEE 929-2000 Compliance Of Single Phase
  175. Photovoltaic Inverters”, Conference Record of
  176. the Twenty-Ninth IEEE Photovoltaic
  177. Specialists Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana,
  178. 1419, 19-24 May 2002.
  179. Woyte, A., Belmans, R., Nijs J., “Testing The
  180. Islanding Protection Function Of Photovoltaic
  181. Inverters” IEEE Transactions on Energy
  182. Conversion, Volume 18, Issue 1, 157 – 162,
  183. Tunlasakun, K., Kirtikara, K., Thepa, S.,
  184. Monyakul, V., “A Microcontroller Based
  185. Islanding Detection For Grid Connected
  186. Inverter”, The 47th Midwest Symposium on
  187. Circuits and Systems, Volume 3, Hiroshima,
  188. Japan, 267-275, 25-28 July 2004.
  189. Hung, G. K., Chang, C. C., Chen, C. L.,
  190. “Automatic Phase-Shift Method For Islanding
  191. Detection Of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic
  192. Inverters”, IEEE Transactions on Energy
  193. Conversion, Volume 18, Issue 1, 169 – 173,
  194. Jeong., J.,B.,Kim, H. J., Back, S. H., Ahn, K. S.,
  195. “An Improved Method for Anti-Islanding by
  196. Reactive Power Control” Electrical Machines
  197. and Systems, ICEMS 2005, Proceedings of the
  198. Eighth International Conference on, Volume 2,
  199. Nanjing, China, 965 – 970, 27-29 Sept. 2005.
  200. Vachtsevanos, G., Kang, H., “Simulation Studies
  201. of Islanded Behavior of Grid Connected
  202. Photovoltaic Systems” Energy Conversion,
  203. IEEE Transaction on, Volume 4, Issue 2, 177 –, 1989.
  204. Enslin, J. H.R., Heskes, P. J. M., “Harmonic
  205. between a Large Number of Distributed Power
  206. Inverters and the Distribution Network”, IEEE
  207. Transaction On Power Electronics, Vol. 19,
  208. , 1586-1593, 2004.
  209. Tirumala, R., Mohan,N. Henze, C., “Seamless
  210. Transfer of Grid Connected PWM Inverters
  211. between Utility-Interactive and Stand-Alone
  212. Modes” Applied Power Electronics Conference
  213. and Exposition, APEC 2002, Seventeenth
  214. Annual IEEE, Volume 2, Los Cabos, Mexico,
  215. 1086, 10-14 March 2002.
  216. Yu., Taesik, Choi, S., Kim, H., “Indirect Current
  217. Control Algorithm for Utility Interactive Inverters for Seamless Transfer” Power
  218. Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC '06,
  219. th IEEE, Jeju, Korea, 1 – 6, 18-22 June 2006.
  220. Yao, Z., Wang, L. X., Yan, Y., “A Novel Control
  221. Strategy for Grid-Interactive Inverters in Grid-
  222. Connected and Stand-Alone Modes” Applied
  223. Power Electronics Conference and Exposition,
  224. APEC '06, Twenty-First Annual IEEE, Dallas,
  225. Texas, USA, 779 – 783, 19-23 March 2006.
  226. Tao, H., Duarte, J. L., Hendrix, M. A. M.,
  227. “Control of Grid-Interactive Inverters as Used in
  228. Small Distrubuted Generators” Industry
  229. Applications Conference, 42nd IAS Annual
  230. Meeting. Conference Record of the 2007
  231. IEEE, Louisiana, USA 1574 – 1581, 23-27 Sept.
  232. Li, H., Wang, K., Zhang, D., Ren, W., “Improved
  233. Performance and Control Of Hybrid Cascaded HBridge
  234. Inverter for Utility Interactive Renewable
  235. Energy Applications” Power Electronics
  236. Specialists Conference, PESC 2007, IEEE,
  237. Florida, USA, 2465 - 2471, 17-21 June 2007.
  238. with Grid-Connection and Stand-Alone” Power
  239. IPEMC '06, CES/IEEE 5th International,
  240. Volume 1, Shanghai, China, 1 – 5, 14-16 Aug.
  241. Yu, T., Choi, S. Kim, H., “Indirect Current
  242. Control Algorithm for Utility Interactive
  243. Inverters for Seamless Transfer” Power
  244. Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC, IEEE, Florida, USA, 2465 – 2471, 17-21
  245. June 2007.
  246. Chung S. K., “Phase-Locked Loop For Grid-
  247. Connected Three-Phase Power Conversion
  248. Systems”, Electric Power Applications, IEE
  249. Proceedings, Volume 147, Issue 3, 213 – 219,
  250. Svensson J., “Synchronisation Methods For Grid-
  251. Connected Voltage Source Converters”,
  252. Generation, Transmission and Distribution,
  253. IEE Proceedings, Volume 148, Issue 3, 229 –, 2001.
  254. Kaura, V., Blasko, V., “Operation Of A Phase
  255. Locked Loop System Under Distorted Utility
  256. Conditions”, Industry Applications, IEEE
  257. Transactions on, Volume 33, Issue 1, 58 – 63,
  258. Arruda, L.N., Silva, S.M., Filho, B.J.C., “Pll
  259. Structures For Utility Connected Systems”,
  260. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference
  261. Record of the Industry Applications
  262. Conference, IEEE, Volume 4, Illinois, USA,
  263. 2660, 30 Sept.-4 Oct. 2001.
  264. Arruda, L.N., Filho, B.J.C., Silva, S.M., Silva,
  265. S.R., Diniz, A.S.A.C., ”Wide Bandwidth Single
  266. And Three-Phase PLL Structures For Grid-Tied
  267. PV Systems”, Photovoltaic Specialists
  268. Conference, Conference Record of the
  269. Twenty-Eighth IEEE, Alaska, USA, 1660 –, 15-22 Sept. 2000.
  270. Silva, S.M., Lopes, B.M., Filho, B.J.C.,
  271. Campana, R.P., Bosventura, W.C., “Performance
  272. Evaluation of PLL Algorithms for Single-Phase
  273. Grid-Connected Systems”, Industry
  274. Applications Conference, 39th IAS Annual
  275. Meeting. Conference Record of the 2004
  276. IEEE, Volume 4, Seattle, USA, 2259 – 2263, 3-7
  277. Oct. 2004.
  278. IEC Standard 61727, "Characteristic of the utility
  279. interface for photovoltaic (PV) systems", 2002
  280. EN 61000-3-2, International Standard “Limits
  281. For Harmonic Current Emissions (Equipment
  282. Input Current<16A per Phase), 1995.
  283. IEEE Std 1547, IEEE Guide for Monitoring,
  284. Information Exchange, and Control of
  285. Distributed Resources Interconnected with
  286. Electric Power Systems, 2007
  287. EN 50330-1, European Standard, Photovoltaic
  288. Semiconductor Converters Part 1: Utility
  289. Interactive Fail Safe Protective Interface for PVLine
  290. Commutated Converters—Design
  291. Qualification and Type Approval, 1999.
  292. IEEE Std. 929-2000, IEEE Recommended
  293. Practice for Utility Interface of Photovoltaic (PV)
  294. Systems, lnstiute of Electrical and Electronics
  295. Engineers, Inc., New York, NY, 2000.
  296. 2005 National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA70,
  297. Published by the National Fire Protection
  298. Association, Quincy, MA, 2004.
  299. Asiminoaei, L., Teodorescu, R., Blaabjerg, F.,
  300. Borup, U., “Implementation and Test of an
  301. Online Embedded Grid Impedance Estimation
  302. Technique for PV Inverters”, IEEE Transaction
  303. on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 52, No. 4, 1136
  304. 1144, 2005.
  305. Liserre, M., Teodorescu, R., Blaabjerg, F.,
  306. “Stability of Grid-Connected PV Inverters with
  307. Large Grid Impedance Variation”, Power
  308. Electronics Specialists Conference, PESC 04,
  309. IEEE 35th Annual, Volume 4, Aachen,
  310. Germany, 4773 – 4779, 20-25 June 2004.
  311. Matsui, K., Ishigure, N., Ueda, F., ”On-Line
  312. Impedance Meter To Measure The Impedance Of
  313. A Distribution Line Using Inverter”, Industrial
  314. Electronics Society, IECON '01, The 27th
  315. Annual Conference of the IEEE, Volume 2,
  316. Colarado, USA, 1230 – 1236, 29 Nov.-2 Dec.
  317. Acharyya, D., Plusquellic, J., “Impedance Profile
  318. Of A Commercial Power Grid And Test System”,
  319. International Test Conference Proceedings,
  320. ITC 2003, Volume 1, Charlotte, NC, USA, 709 –, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 2003.
  321. Liserre,M., Blaabjerg, F., Teoderoscu, R., “Grid
  322. Impedance Detection Via Excitation of LCLFilter
  323. Resonance” Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on, Volume 43, Issue 5, 1401 –, 2007.
  324. Engel, B., Meinhardt, M., “State of the Art and
  325. Future Trends of PV-System-Technology”,
  326. ECPE Seminar: Renewable Energies, 9-10
  327. February 2006, Kassel Germany
  328. Kjaer, S. B., Pedersen, J. K., Blaabjerg, F.,
  329. “Power Inverter Topologies for Photovoltaic
  330. Modules – A Review”, Industry Applications
  331. Conference, 37th IAS Annual Meeting.
  332. Conference Record of the, Vol. 2, Pennsylvania,
  333. USA, 782-788, 13-18 Oct. 2002.
  334. Al-Nasseri, H., Redfern, M. A., “Solid-State
  335. Converter Topologies for Interfacing DC Sources
  336. with Utility Power Systems”, Universities Power
  337. Engineering Conference, UPEC 2004, 39th
  338. International, Vol. 1, Bristol, UK., 629-633, 6-8
  339. Sept. 2004.
  340. Maranda, W., Mey, G., Vos, A., “Optimization of
  341. the Master-Slave Inverter System for Grid
  342. Connected Photovoltaic Plants” Energy
  343. Conversion and Management,” Vol. 39, No. 3,
  344. 1246, 1998.
  345. Calais, M., Agelidis, V. G., Meinhardt, M.,
  346. “Multilevel Converters For Single-Phase Grid
  347. Connected Photovoltaic Systems: An Overview”
  348. Solar Energy, Vol. 66, No. 5, 325–335, 1999.
  349. Cramer, G., Toenges, K. H., “Einsatz der
  350. Modularen Systemtechnik (String-WR) zur
  351. Netzkopplung von PV-Anglagen im
  352. Leistungsbereich von 100kW-1MW“, 12
  353. Symposium Photovoltische Sonnenenergie,
  354. Staffelstein, Germany, 1997.
  355. Faiman, D., Bermana D., Heldc, E. Oldenkamp,
  356. H. “Study of AC-module inverters under extreme
  357. desert conditions” Solar Energy Materials &
  358. Solar Cells, Vol. 75, 629–635, 2003.
  359. Krampitz, I., Kreutzman, A., “From Masterpiece
  360. to Team Work, Inverter Market Survey: SMA’s
  361. New Circuit Concept Promises Higher Yields”,
  362. Photon, Vol. 3, 56-67, 2002.
  363. Meinhardt, M., Cramer, G., Greizer, F.
  364. “Technische Innovationen im Boomenden Markt
  365. der PV Systemtechnik“, 18 Symposium
  366. Photovoltische Sonnenenergie, Staffelstein,
  367. Germany, 2003.
  368. Meinhardt, M., Cramer, G., “Cost Reduction
  369. Through New PV System Technolgy”, Kasseler
  370. Symposium Energie Systemtechnik, ISET,
  371. Kassel, Germany, 152-168, 2000.
  372. Meinhardt, M., Cramer, G., “Multi-String Converter
  373. The Next Step in Evolution of the String
  374. Converter Technology, 9th European Conference
  375. on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE, Graz, Austria, 1-9, 27-29 August 2001.
  376. Verhoeven, S. A. M.,” Utility Aspects of Grid
  377. Connected Photovoltaic Systems”, International
  378. Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems,
  379. IEA PVPS T5-01, 1998.
  380. Haeberlin, H., “Evolution of Inverters for Grid
  381. Connected PV Systems from 1989 2000”, in
  382. Proc. 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy
  383. Conference, Munich, Germany, 782-788, 22-26
  384. Oct., 2001.
  385. Schmidt, H., Burger, B., Siedle, C.,
  386. “Gefahrdungspotenzial Transformatorloser
  387. Wechselrichter - Fakten und Gerüchte“, 18
  388. Staffelstein, Germany, 2003.
  389. Schmidt, H., Burger, B., Siedle, C., “Die HERIC
  390. Wechelrichter - Topologie“, 18 Symposium
  391. Myrzik, J. M.A., “Novel Inverter Topologies for
  392. Single-phase stand-Alone or Grid-Connected
  393. Photovoltaic System” 4th IEEE International
  394. Conference on Power Electronics and Drive
  395. Systems, IEEE PEDS, Vol. 1, Bali, Indonesia,
  396. 108, 22-25 October 2001.
  397. Schekulin, D., Patentschrift DE 197 32 218 C1,
  398. Bundesrepublik, Deutchland, Deutches
  399. Patentarnt, March, 1999.
  400. Wilk, H., Ruoss, D., Toggweiler, P., “Innovative
  401. Electrical Concepts”, International Energy
  402. Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems, IEA
  403. PVPS 7-07, 2002.
  404. Riatsch, J., Stemmler, H., Schmidt, R., “Single
  405. Cell Module Integrated Converter System For
  406. Photovoltaic Energy Generation“, 7th European
  407. Conference on Power Electronics and
  408. Applications, EPE’97, Vol. 1 Trondheim,
  409. Norway, 71-77, 1997.