Smart Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in Residential Areas: Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Concepts

Abstract

The share of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) will greatly increase in the coming years. This vast deployment will create challenges of integration in the power system. Especially in the residential areas where mostly charging will take place. It’s imperative to propose solutions to minimize the future impacts caused by the PEVs. In this paper we use Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm for optimal charged the PEV. The strategy works under constraints that the vehicle should reach the full State-of-Charge (SOC) at the departure time and the charge power should be constant during all time when the PEV is at home. The application of the DP algorithm on 10,000 real case studies shows that the approach proposed is a Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) concept because it allows cost savings at users. The financial gains obtained by a French PEV user can reach 22.9%. In addition, it is shown that the strategy proposed is also a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept because it allows at the distribution electric grid manager to preserve the grid elements such as the life duration of a low voltage transformer.