ATTITUDES OF FACULTY MEMBERS TOWARDS FEMALE ADMINISTRATORS AT UNIVERSITIES

ÜNİVERSİTELERDE GÖREV YAPAN ÖĞRETİM ELEMANLARININ KADIN YÖNETİCİLERE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI

Abstract

This study aims at analyzying the attitude of faculty members towards female administrators at universities. It was designed as a scanning based study. The participants are 100 faculty members at Kocatepe University whose deans or vice deans are females. The data of the study were collected through the administration of the “scale of attitudes towards female administrators”, which was developed by Aycan, Bayazit, Berkman and Boratav (2011). The scale covers 27 items which are designed as 7 point Likert type scale. In order to establish the construct validity of the scale the DFA was used and found that the scale, as the original one, has three factors. The Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale is found to be .94. the analyses showed that the data are normally distributed in all factors. In order to see whether or not gender has a significant effect on the attitudes towards female administrators ttest was employed. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the effects of the faculty where the participants worked, title and professional seniority on the attitudes towards female administrators. The findings showed that the participants generally had positive attitudes towards the female administrators at the university. The particpants’ attitudes towards female university administrators were much higher on the dimension of “professional ethics” and much less on the dimension of “professional role behaviours”. On the other hand, female participants had much higher levels of positive attitudes towards female university administrators regarding the dimension of “professional role behaviours”. They also had much higher levels of positive attitudes towards female university administrators regarding the dimensions of “relational role behaviours” and “professional ethics”. However, concerning these two dimensions the difference between female and male participants was found not to be statistically significant. The faculty where the participants worked, title and professional seniority were all found no significant effect on the attitudes of the participants towards female administrators The women supported the economic growth in a range of changing status by means of different activities. Although the women have approximately the half of the world population, they do not the same share in business life. (Örücü, Kılıç, ve Kılıç; 2007). It is gripping that number of the women who own the administrator title in education organizations in Turkey is few and the similar situation is valid in the universities, as well. Female academicians in Turkey, like in the rest of the world, have important sex related problems and their absence in decision mechanism or in other words their rather low representation rates in university management is one of the leading problems (Sugur and Cangöz, 2016). Therefore, this study aims examine the attitude of faculty members in universities towards female administrators. Sub aims of the study are listed below in line with the aim of the study: 1. Examining whether attitudes of the faculty members in the universities towards female administrators vary in accordance with gender 2. Examining whether attitudes of the faculty members in the universities towards female administrators vary in accordance with the faculties that those faculty members work in 3. Examining whether attitudes of the faculty members in the universities towards female administrators vary in accordance with the titles of the faculty members 4. Examining whether attitudes of the faculty members in the universities towards female administrators vary in accordance with the professional seniority the faculty members own. Conceptual Framework of the Study Topic A good part of the women cannot participate in the labor market due to the bad conditions like high unemployment rate, working deprived from social security, long working hours and heavy work conditions (Koçak and Hayran, 2011). Despite some social developments and changes, the disclosed numbers prove the existent problems blocking the women from actively taking part in the management (Can, 2008). Although the women’s participation in the management and decision making process is one of the fundamental elements of the democracy, it is difficult to claim that there presents a sexual equality in those areas in Turkey and the rest of the world. The women are represented insufficiently in every field of social life, management and decision making process and particulary in political life (Sugur and Cangöz, 2016). As Kabasakal expresses (1998; Akt: Suğur and Cangöz, 2016), senior level chairmanship is open to a limited part of Turkish women and moreover only those women who come from upper socioeconomic classes and get out of the passive roles that the society expects to be carried out and surpass the stereotyped value judgements related to sex can reach to titles in top management. Considering education organizations, it is salient that the number of female administrators is few and the number of studies regarding female administrators are increasing (Bastug and Celik, 2011; Can, 2008; Calik, Kosar and Dagli 2012; Celikten, 2004; Sugur and Cangoz, 2016; Tan; 2008). Rarity of women who own the administrator titles in education organizations in Turkey is notable. Academicians in Turkey, like in the rest of the world, have important sex related problems and their absence in decision mechanism or in other words their rather low representation rates in university management is one of the leading problems (Sugur and Cangöz, 2016). There exists no high percentage of female academicians involvement in the management structure in the universities and positions like Higher Education Council Membership, Dean of Faculty and Presidency of University are kept on to be fulfilled by men predominantly. What is more, the women who can only be represented in the level of Vice Dean at the most (27,6%) in the universities are able to get only 1 Vice Presidency of university over 10

Özet

Bu çalışma, üniversitelerde görev yapan öğretim elemanlarının kadın yöneticilere yönelik tutumlarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tarama modelinde desenlenen çalışmanın katılımcılarını, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi'nde dekanları veya dekan yardımcıları kadın olan fakültelerde görev yapan 100 öğretim elemanı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Aycan, Bayazit, Berkman ve Boratav (2011) tarafından geliştirilen, 7'li Likert tipinde 27 maddeden oluşan "Kadın Yöneticilere Karşı Tutum Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğini belirlemek üzere yapılan DFA sonucunda, ölçeğin orijinal formunda olduğu gibi üç faktörlü bir yapıya sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan güvenirlik analizi sonucunda ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha değeri .94 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, verilerin tüm faktörlerde normal dağılım gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Kadın yöneticilere karşı tutumun cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için t testi, görev yaptıkları fakülte, unvan ve meslekteki kıdem değişkenlerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için One-Way ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, üniversitelerde görev yapan öğretim elemanları genel olarak olumlu tutumlara sahiptir. Öğretim elemanlarının kadın yöneticilere yönelik tutumlarının "çalışma ahlakı" boyutunda diğer boyutlara göre daha yüksek puana, "görev rol davranışları" boyutunda ise diğer boyutlara oranla daha düşük puana sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir. Kadın katılımcıların kadın yöneticileri "görev rol davranışları" boyutunda erkek katılımcılardan daha olumlu buldukları sonucuna ulaşılırken "ilişkisel rol davranışları" ve "çalışma ahlakı" boyutlarında da kadın katılımcıların kadın yöneticilere yönelik puanları erkek katılımcıların puanlarından yüksek çıkmış ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Görev yapılan fakülte, unvan ve mesleki kıdem değişkenlerine göre inceleme yapıldığında bulgular arası anlamlı farklılıklar görülmemiştir