IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE RECORDING HADITHS IN WRITING ISSUE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HADITH SCHOLARS

USÛL-İ HADİSÇİLER PERSPEKTİFİNDEN HADİSLERİN YAZIYLA KAYDI MESELESİNİN TESPİT VE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Abstract

The recording of the hadiths in writing has been a controversial issue between scholars of Islam in general and particularly between hadith narrators beginning from the time of the Prophet until the following centuries. As it is understood from the narrations, Some of the Sahâbah have taken this issue seriously and determined their attitudes in terms of acceptance or rejection according to the narrations coming from this subject. However, regarding the debate which should be evaluated within the scope of the hadith method in the historical process, the opinions of the hadith scholars have not been evaluated in an independent way. While the hadiths were written, in order to determine the attitude of the Prophet, scholars, it seems that they are trying to get rid of the contradictions between the hadiths in the classic sources. It is an important issue to consider and examine the views of the hadith scholar on whether or not the hadith can be written. In the discussions on "kibab al-hadh" written on the basis of the views of the hadith scholars in history, the narrative-centered evaluations were made in general. Hadith scholars have a very important role in determining whether hadiths pr belong to the prophet in term of method and principles. Because hadith scholars not only deal with the issues related to the 'Qabbat al-Hadith' but also all hadith and hadith methods. Therefore, the contradictions of whether or not to write hadiths should be identified. It is necessary to understand the debates on the narration of hadiths. It is necessary to determine the views of the scholars of the hadiths in order to do all these. In this work, which is done with the aim of eliminating the deficiencies in this area, the identification and evaluation of hadith scholars will be examined on written narration of hadiths The recording of the hadiths in writing has been a controversial issue between Islam scholars in general and particularly between hadith narrators beginning from the time of the Prophet until the following centuries. As it is understood from the narrations, it is understood that some of the Sahâbah have taken this issue seriously and determined their attitudes in terms of acceptance or rejection according to the narrations coming from this subject. However, regarding the debate which should be evaluated within the scope of the hadith method in the historical process, the opinions of the hadith scholars have not been evaluated in an independent way. In this work, which is done with the aim of eliminating the deficiencies in this area, the identification and evaluation of hadith scholars will be examined on written narration of hadiths. Written narration of hadiths issue, which is discussed in the context of contradictory narrations, has not been independently examined from the perspective of hadith scholars. On the other hand, there are certain principles that are laid down in almost every stage from the identification of a narrative to reliability, context and content. However, the fact that the hadith can be correctly understood, as it is in every science, requires the knowledge of this historical process, the method, the conceptual framework, the literature, and the experts in this area. But until now, the views of the hadith scholars have been neglected in terms of the independent investigation of the written narration of hadiths. In this research, for the purpose of eliminating deficiencies in this area, we have taken as basis the narratives arising from all the narrations about the subject in the history of the controversy. Here, the hadith scholars' works and other works related to the issue, which are accepted as the head works of the hadiths, were taken into consideration in a way that just focus on the topic underestimating the off-topic points. It is important to note that most of the authors have not even assigned a single title to this subject even in the main hadith works, although it is necessary for hadith scholars to deal with the subject written narration of hadiths in the very beginning of his works. Moreover, it is thought-provoking that some hadith scholars have not handled almost any narrative about the subject in their books on hadiths. However, in a work such as Takyîdu’l-ilm, this systematic processing of this subject can be regarded as an effort to complete the deficiencies we have mentioned before. The fact that written narration of hadiths issue which has been controversial since the time of Prophet Muhammed wasn't on highlight in later periods, may be resulted in this attitude of hadith scholars. Especially because of the widely accepted notion that the hadith can be written, the issue of the writing of the hadiths has fallen from the agenda and we believe that this issue has not been given much place in the hadith method works. The main point that should be focused on this issue should be understanding the core reasons of Prophet Muhammed's ideas and actions rather than the narrations of the both groups on written narration of hadiths. Because, the factors that affect the nature of the narrations of both groups such as number, reliability, nash and so on don't promise a a clear way to be favourable to one side. One of the best solutions that can be offered as an answer to all questions in mind about the written recording of hadiths is the accurate examination of Prophet Muhammed's socio-cultural facts, intellectual level, opportunities and conditions in the perspective of both permissions and prohibition. In the historical process, the reasons for those who express their opinion on the prohibition side when they are explaining the subject are; the possibility of mixing of hadiths with Quran, the concern of Quran being neglected and the possibility of weakening of the memory. However, hadith scholars have argued in this regard that in addition to the classical explanations, the necessity of writing has become an integral part of intellectual life and created argum

Özet

Hadislerin yazıyla kaydedilmesi meselesi Hz. Peygamber zamanından başlayıp başta sahabî olmak üzere sonraki asırlara kadar özelde muhaddisler genelde ise birçok alim tarafından tartışma konusu edilmiştir. Rivâyetlerden anlaşıldığına göre sahâbiden bazılarının bu meseleyi ciddiye aldığı ayrıca kabul veya red açısından tavırlarını bu konuda gelen rivâyetlere göre belirledikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Fakat tarihî süreçte hadis usulü konusu kapsamında ele alınması gereken gereken bu tartışmayla ilgili olarak usûl-i hadisçilerin görüşleri müstakil bir şekilde değerlendirilmemiştir. Kaynaklarda alimlerin, hadislerin yazılması hususunda Hz. Peygamber'in tutumunu belirlemek için söz konusu görülmektedir. Hadislerin yazılıp yazılamayacağı konusunda hadis usûlcülerinin görüşlerinin müstakil olarak ele alınıp incelenmesi tartışmanın sıhhati açısından önemli bir meseledir. Tarihi süreçte hadisçilerin görüşleri referans alınarak ortaya konan "kitâbetü'l-hadîs" ile ilgili tartışmalarda genelde rivâyet merkezli değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Halbu ki rivâyetlerin Hz. Peygamber'e aidiyetinin tespitinde ortaya konan ilke ve esaslarda hadis usulcüleri de çok önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Çünkü hadis usûlü kitaplarında sadece "kitâbetü'l-hadîs" ile doğrudan ilgisi olan konuların değil, diğer bütün hadis ve hadis usulü konularının ele alınmış olması, hadis usulcülerini bu konuda önemli kılan diğer bir ayrıcalıktır. Bundan dolayı hadislerin yazılıp yazılmaması etrafında nakledilmiş rivâyetlerin ve bunlar hakkında ortaya çıkan tartışmaların sağlıklı bir şekilde anlaşılıp değerlendirilebilmesi için hadis usûlcülerinin genel kanaatinin tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu alandaki eksikliği giderme maksadıyla yapılan bu çalışmada "kitâbetü'lhadîs" konusunda hadis usulü alimlerinin tespit ve değerlendirmeleri ele alınacaktır