SHARING THE SURPLUS IN JUST ECONOMIC ORDER

Abstract

The theory of Just Economic Order (JEO) is the theory-model advocated in the economic field by the Milli Gorus movement which is one of the basic determinants of the Turkish political history and it is a proposition of new economic system beyond the ordinary election promises with respect to its content. According to the JEO theory, the problems faced today are caused by the economic systems built on a wrong ground. According to the theory, the economic systems should be taken into consideration within the framework of mentality/worldview and on the basis of the sense of right. The world views are divided into two main categories. Right Based (Tevhidi, unity based) world view and Power/Force Based (Taghut based) world view. Among the thought systems, liberalism and collectivism, and their reflections in the economic system i.e. the capitalist and socialist systems are shaped around the power/force based world view. According to the power based world view, resources are scarce and it is inevitable to have a struggle between the people who wish to maximize the benefits from the scarce resources. This struggle manifests itself as a conflict of interest in the capitalist system and as a conflict of class in the socialist system. According to the right based world view referring to the correct understanding of right, people would establish parallel interests among the balanced resources in line with the needs of people and solve the problems by creating partnerships. Within the scope of this world views, the theory of Just Economic Order based on Share (Partnership) Economy bears the features of a different economic system by the assignment of financial institutions starting from the meaning of the concepts economy and finance, reorganization of the production factors and shaping of the markets. Within the scope of the study, the theory of “Just Economic Order” is compared to the current systems with a focus on the world views and the perspective offered by the order on the sharing of the surplus value.Today where a new socio-economic crisis emerging every day, searches for new systems are brought forward based on the fact that current problems cannot be solved despite all the revisions of both capitalist systems and socialist systems. The size and severity of the search for solution is shown by the increase of the books on this matter published particularly in recent years. One of the new paradigms put forward when discussing what the system to produce solution should be and how it should be shaped is the Milli Gorus movement and the Just Order theory advocated by this movement. Milli Gorus (The Islamic&National Vision) movement was found in 1967 by Professor Dr. Necmettin Erbakan, the prime minister of the 54th Government of the Republic of Turkey and it has been one of the basic determinants of the Turkish political life. The movement determines the past, present and most probably the future of Turkey in political sense. The basic point of view of the movement is that the systems based on absolute reason would be insufficient for the people to live in peace and justice and that the systems should be equipped with Islamic and moral values. In this scope, Milli Gorus movement supports the re-organization of the human systems centering around Islamic values and embraces the balance of reason and revelation. The movement bases its socio-economic paradigm within the framework of its world view and understanding of right, and it designates them to be the basis of the problem in the existing systems. The socioeconomic project of the Milli Gorus movement is the Just Order theory. The theory emphasizes that the social balance can only be ensured in the centre of justice and expressed that current problems can be handled in a healthy manner only within this scope. The economic systems are essentially considered to be a reflection of the worldview shaped around the understanding of right and two mentalities are accepted to exist: the right based world view within the scope of correct understanding of right and power/force based world view within the scope of wrong understanding of right. The correct understanding of right covers the inherent rights (right to live, right to protect the generation, right of ownership, right to protect the mind and right to protect belief), labour based rights, rights arising from contracts of mutual consent and will, and the rights due to justice. The wrong understanding of right covers the rights arising from power, the rights arising from majority, the rights arising from privilege and the rights arising from interests. As is seen the world views differ to the differences in the understandings of right. According to the view of the theory of Just Economic Order, capitalism and socialism bear different qualities however they are essentially the economic systems are inspired from the liberal and collectivist thoughts emerging as a reflection of the worldview valuing the power and shaped in line with the wrong understanding of right. The two systems are based on power, majority, privilege and interest and only differ in method. Resources are scarce in both systems; human kind is a self-seeking creature, and the decision making mechanism includes those with power and majority while conflict is essential. On the other hand, the right based world view within the scope of the correct understanding of right is reflected as the Peace (Silm) Order. Peace Order is a model of social organization set forth by the Compassionate (Rahman) Creator for the welfare and salvation of all humanity, faithful or not. This order is sent as a guide to humanity to ensure social balance and to eliminate oppression. According to the peace order, the resources on earth are not scarce, but balanced. If there is scarcity, this is temporary and the result of imbalance caused by human intervention. The model considers human inherently as the party of the good, beautiful, right, useful and fair one. T

Özet

Türk siyasi tarihinin son elli yılına damgasını vurmuş olan Milli Görüş hareketinin doksanlı yıllarda iktisadi sorunlara çözüm önerisi olarak ortaya attığı Adil Ekonomik Düzen (AED) teorisi detaylı incelendiğinde esasında yeni ve özgün bir iktisadi sistem önermesidir. AED teorisine göre bugün karşılaşılan sorunlar yanlış zemin üzerine bina edilmiş olan iktisadi sistemlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Teoriye göre iktisadi sistemler dünya görüşleri çerçevesinde ve hak anlayışı temelinde ele alınmalıdır ve ana kategoride ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Bunlar Tevhidi (Hakkı Üstün Tutan) dünya görüşü ve Tağuti (Kuvveti Üstün Tutan) dünya görüşüdür. Düşünce sistemlerinden olan liberalizm ve kolektivizm ile bunların iktisadi sistem yansımaları olan kapitalist ve sosyalist sistemler kuvveti üstün tutan dünya görüşü merkezinde şekillendirilmiş sistemlerdir. Yanlış hak anlayışınsa sahip olan kuvveti üstün tutan dünya görüşüne göre kaynaklar kıttır ve kıt olan kaynaklardan faydasını maksimize etmek isteyen insanlar arasında mücadele kaçınılmazdır. Bu mücadele kendisini kapitalist sistemde çıkar çatışması kapsamında gösterirken, sosyalist sistemde sınıf çatışması şeklinde göstermektedir. Doğru hak anlayışına dayanan, Hakkı üstün tutan dünya görüşüne göre ise; dengeli olan kaynaklar arasında insanların ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda çıkar paralelliği kuracakları, karşılaştıkları sorunları ortaklıklar kurarak çözecekleri ifade edilmektedir. Bu dünya görüşü çerçevesinde Ortaklık Ekonomisine dayanan Adil Ekonomik Düzen teorisi; ekonomi-iktisat terimlerindeki farklılıklardan başlayarak, temel iktisadi kurumların tespiti, bu doğrultuda üretim faktörlerinin ve içeriklerinin baştan tanımlanması ve piyasaların işleyiş özellikleri ile yeni ve farklı bir iktisadi sistem özellikleri taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle dünya görüşleri izah edilmekte, devamında Hakkı üstün tutan dünya görüşü merkezinde şekillendirilmiş olan "Adil Ekonomik Düzen" teorisi ve teorinin cari sistemlerden kapitalizm ve sosyalizmle artık değerin paylaşımı bağlamında karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır