Investigation of the Effect of Window and Shading Elements on Building Energy Needs

Özet

This study aims to evaluate the effect of window form and outer shading elements on building heating, cooling, and lighting loads. The energy loads of the shading element scenarios created at different angles (0°, 30°, 60°) of the states of a building sample with different window ratios (1/2, 1/1, and 2/1) were calculated. In addition, in order to determine the effect of shading element length on energy loads, shading element scenarios for 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.00 m were diversified. The calculations were carried out with Design Builder software, and it was accepted that the sample building was in Elazığ province. As a result, by increasing the length of the shading element from 0 to 1.00 m, it was observed that solar gains in buildings with 1/2, 1/1, and 2/1 window ratios decreased by 5.2%-19.3%, 7.8%-28.7%, and 11.5%-38.8%, respectively. Depending on this situation, while building heating loads increase, since solar gains are significantly prevented, the greatest benefit in reducing building cooling loads is obtained in buildings with 2/1 window ratios. However, since the level of sunlight utilization decreases with the increase in the length of the shading element, the need for lighting energy increases at rates ranging from 0.03% to 20.26% on average for different scenarios. The amount of increase is more pronounced, especially after 0.40 m length.