TURKEY TOURISM POLICY (1923- 1960)

Abstract

Tourism has become one of the most effective means of defining the world cultures. Mass travel has become more organized by the time governments have taken over. The goverments have made some arrangements after the first tourism movements. New institutions established with the transition from the Ottoman period to modern Turkey. One of these institutions was established to promote the Modern Republic of Turkey outside and inside. This institution is the General Directorate of Publishing and Intelligence. The main aim of this institution is to introduce the country politically. Therefore, he prepared publications praising the republican regime. The institution initially depends on the prime minister. It was attached to the Ministry of Interior in 1933. The institution attached to the prime minister in 1940 and its structure restructured. The area of activity of the new organization, consisting of publications, radios, and tourism directorates, has also been expanded. In this period, Turkey's Turing and Automobile Institution stands out in the civil organization of tourism. Formation was established in 1923 with the name of Turkish Traveling Society and later it named as Turkish Turing and Automobile Authority. The formation aimed to organize great travels and to introduce cities such as Istanbul and Bursa together with their historical monuments. It is considered NATTA as Turkey's first important travel agency. The open name of the agency is National Turkish Tourist Agency and this agency established in 1925. Pasrapid, also operating between 1927 and 1937, is one of the prominent agencies. This agency specializes in passport and visa processing. This agency also organized trips to Istanbul. Another tourist agency that stands out in this period is TUTTA (Turkish Travelling& Tourist Agency). This agency interested in ticket sales operations. There are many other organizations established in Istanbul these years and serving in different areas of tourism. Until 1934, an official organization of tourism was not established in Turkey. In 1934, with the Law No. 2450 on the Organization and Duties of the Ministry of Economy and Trade, the tourism issue taken into the public hegemony. Until the year 1938, tourism works considered by the foreign trade department. İn this period economic way of tourism has been missed. In 1940, tourism affairs were transferred to the General Directorate of Publications. In 1943, the Tourism Office established within the organization of the Press and Broadcast General Directorate established by Law No. 4475. In the 1940’s, tourism organized in the local administrations as well. Examples of these are: “Istanbul Municipality Tourism Branch, Bursa Municipality Tourism Chief, Izmir Fair Culture Park and İzmir Municipality Tourism Directorate”. During this period, Turkish State Railways went on sale of discount tickets due to İzmir Fair. This convenience in transportation has been a milestone in the beginning of domestic tourism movements. A number of organizations have also been organized in the hospitality industry in these years. In 1933, Hotels and Hancılar Association established in Istanbul. The Turkish National Student Federation (TMTF) was established in 1940 for the introduction of groups of students from abroad to Turkey. Thus, Turkey has acquired an institution where youth tourism is organized. In the same year, youth and social tourism organizations started in the world. These organizations have accelerated the tourism of the world and Turkey. Since the late 1940’s, written materials have been prepared for the introduction of Turkey in foreign countries and have been sent to foreign states. In this years, regulations made in the area of legislation. The name of the organization changed with the law published in 1949. In addition to the other services, the tourism works also taken on the first plan. Since 1950, the interest of the world increased in Turkey. The work of introducing with a new working system has been continued by taking advantage of this. In this period, international tourism circles invited Prime Minister Adnan Menderes to the International Tour Operators Meeting to held in Athens. Turkish governments have recognized the importance of tourism since 1950. Thus, some arrangements in the field of tourism has done. In 1950, the Law on the Encouragement of Tourism Establishments, which is composed of 13 items, was accepted. In this period, the Republic of Turkey has also the benefited foreign experts. In 1953, to devolop tourism of Turkey the Tourism Encouragement Law No. 6086 was enacted. In 1963 the Ministry of Tourism and Promotion established. after this time Turkey’s tourism policy has been mostly carried out with the introduction. After 1960’s international political agreements have been signed by Turkey in the field of tourism. Press representations opened in foreign countries and its aimed to promote the country through these representations. Turkey has emphasized the promotion policy that started in the 1950s. Turkey's tourism policy continued in a similar way until the early 1980’s. After 1980’s, new laws and regulations put into effect in the field of tourism. tourism infrastructure investments made. Turkish tourism entered a new phase after 1980

Özet

Bu makalede 1923- 1960 yılları arasında Türkiye'nin turizm politikasına yer verilmiştir. Bu politikanın ortaya konulması için öncelikle değinilmiştir. Daha sonra cumhuriyetin ilanından sonraki gelişmeler aktarılmıştır. Bu dönemde iktidara gelmiş hükümetlerin programlarında yer alan turizm politikaları, yabancı uzmanların hazırladıkları turizm raporları ve bu raporlar rehberliğinde hazırlanan kanunlar aktarılmıştır. Gerçekten de Türkiye 1940 yıllarının sonlarından itibaren turizm alanında ciddi bir yapılanmaya gitmiştir. 24 Mart 1950 tarihinde Turizm Müesseslerini Teşvik Kanunu ve 1953 yılında da Turizm Endüstrisini Teşvik Kanunu çıkarılmıştır. Turizm yatırımlarının finanse edilmesi için 1955 yılında Turizm Bankası'nın kuruluşu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu dönemde yabancı uzmanların rehberliğine başvurmuştur. 1962 yılında yabancı uzmanlar tarafından Turizm Geçiş Planı adını taşıyan bir turizm raporu hazırlanmış ve Türk hükümetine sunulmuştur. Bu rapor doğrultusunda 1963 yılında Turizm ve Tanıtma Bakanlığı tesis edilmiştir. Bu bakanlığın tesisi ile turizm işleri tek bir bakanlığın yetkisi altına girmiştir. Bu makale, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi ve Ankara Milli Kütüphane Arşivi kaynakları taranarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu makale ile turizm tarihi alanında çalışma yapacak diğer araştırmacılara arşiv belgelerine ulaşmada katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma, ülkemiz ekonomisinde önemli bir yeri olan turizmin diğer disiplinler tarafından irdelenmesine örnek teşkil etmeyi de hedeflemiştir