INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ PSCYHOLOGICAL CAPITAL LEVELS AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOURS WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

ÖĞRETMENLERİN PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE DÜZEYLERİ İLE ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

The relational screening model was used in the study that aims to examine the relationship between teachers' Organizational psychological capital levels and Organizational citizenship behaviors using structural equation modeling. A total of 556 teachers, 62.2% (346) of them were female and 37.8% (210) of them were male, teaching in the schools of MoNE in İstanbul during the 2016-2017 academic year participated in the research. "Organizational psychological capital scale" and "Organizational citizenship behaviors scale" were used to collect research data. In the study, the validity and reliability studies of the data collected with the scales used were primarily carried out. After the validity and reliability of the data were ensured, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to answer the main purpose of the research. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model results were evaluated by considering CFI, RMSEA, and SRMR values. The relationships between helping each other, gentlemanship, conscience and civic virtue, which are the sub-dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior, and optimism, psychological endurance, hope and self-efficacy, which are the sub-dimensions of organizational psychological capital, were evaluated in the model established. The research findings have revealed that the scales used to collect data are valid and reliable. The fit indices calculated for the structural equation model established in the study have shown that the model is in compliance with the data. Accordingly, it was concluded that teachers' organizational psychological capital levels significantly predict their organizational citizenship behaviors. According to this finding, teachers' psychological capital levels increase, there is also a marked rise in organizational citizenship behavior expected from them. The results obtained were discussed in the light of the related literature and prospective proposals were made.The changes experienced in the field of science and technology at an unprecedented pace especially in the recent period have also forced all social structures to change and have led to the occurrence of significant change especially in the roles and duties of the employees of the organization. Educational organizations, which are at the center of social change as required by the mission they have, have received their share from this change. One of the most important components in education and training activities, which are the main activities of educational organizations, is certainly the teachers. Nowadays, individual successes of the teachers are needed more due to the examination system required by the Turkish education system. Indeed, it is known that the institutions that come to the forefront with the successes they achieved in the various examinations held at the nationwide have teachers who support the institution in certain fields. This situation shows that the competitive structure required by today's conditions is now inevitable in educational organizations. It is seen that the fact that the employees working in the competitive-based working environment only fulfill the tasks contained in their job descriptions is not sufficient for the survival of the organization they belong to. Therefore, today's organizations want employees who will also do the jobs that are not included in the job descriptions and will increase the success of the organization, they need such employees (Bozgeyikli and Şat, 2014). Nowadays, Organizational citizenship behaviors defined as the behaviors that are not compulsory in the duties and job descriptions of employees, that are evaluated outside of the task performance, that do not require the implementation of sanction in case of failure to do the jobs and that are mainly exhibited as a result of individual choice (Podsakoff et al., 2000) have come to the forefront as an important issue addressed in the studies carried out to increase the efficiency of organizations today. Organizational citizenship behaviors are mainly based on the characteristics of individuals and the attributes of the organization. Indeed, when the studies on organizational citizenship behaviors carried out in Turkey (Aktaş, 2008, Atalay, 2005; Ay, 2007; Bozgeyikli and Şat, 2014; Demirdağ, 2015; Karakuş, 2008; Keskin, 2005; Mercan, 2006; Özen, 2014; Samancı Kalaycı, 2007) are examined, it is seen that the effects of individual characteristics such as employees' authentic leadership, working value, self-efficacy level, focus of control, emotional intelligence, motivational language, psychological endurance, and the concepts such as organizational trust, organizational justice and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behaviors have been mainly discussed. However, very few studies have been conducted on the organizational psychological capital relationship, which increases both the performance of individuals within the organization and the productivity of the organization (Avey, Luthans, Youssef, 2010; Norman, Avey, Nimnicht and Pigeon, 2010). Psychological capital, defined as the positive development of the individual's psychology (Luthans, 2002a), is divided into factors such as optimism, hope, self-efficacy and psychological endurance that reflect the positive attitudes of the person. Among these factors, while hope refers to be determined in line with the specified purpose, optimism refers to be in expectation to be successful in the current situation and in the future. While self-confidence regarding the fact that difficult jobs will be overcome with sufficient effort is expressed as self-efficacy, the power to survive and eventually achieve success despite the difficulties and troubles is expressed as psychological endurance. When these four components come together, they create a superstructure by creating a synergetic effect (Luthans, Youssef and Avolio, 2007). When studies on psychological capital are examined, it is seen that psych

Özet

Öğretmenlerin örgütsel psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılarak incelenmesini amaçlayan bu çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı içerisinde İstanbul'da M.E.B.'na bağlı okullarda öğretmenlik yapan %62,2'si (346 kişi) kadın, %37,8'i (210 kişi) erkek toplam 556 öğretmen katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerini toplamak amacıyla "Örgütsel psikolojik sermaye ölçeği" ve "Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle kullanılan ölçeklerle toplanılan verilerin geçerlilik güvenilirlik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Verilerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği sağlandıktan sonra araştırmanın temel amacına cevap vermek için yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik model sonuçları CFI, RMSEA, ve SRMR değerleri göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir. Kurulan modelde, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışının alt boyutları olan yardımlaşma, centilmenlik, vicdan ve sivil erdemin örgütsel psikolojik sermayenin alt boyutları olan iyimserlik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, umut ve özyeterlik arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları veri toplamak amacıyla kullanılan ölçeklerin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışmada kurulan yapısal eşitlik modeli için hesaplanan uyum indeksleri modelin veriye uygun olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna göre öğretmenlerin örgütsel psikolojik sermaye düzeylerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarını anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı sonucu bulunmuştur. Bu bulguya göre öğretmenlerin sahip oldukları psikolojik sermaye düzeyleri arttıkça, kendilerinden beklenen örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarında da belirgin bir yükseliş olmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve ileriye dönük önerilerde bulunulmuştur.