Characterizations of Framed Curves in Four-Dimensional Euclidean Space

Abstract

Framed curves in Euclidean space are used to investigate singular curves and are important for singularity theory. In this study, framed curves in four-dimensional Euclidean space are introduced and new results are obtained. The relation of framed curves with Frenet curves in four-dimensional Euclidean space is given and Bishop-type frame of framed curves is introduced with the help of Euler angles. In addition, by using Bishop-type framed curves in four-dimensional Euclidean space, framed rectifying curves, framed osculating curves and framed normal curves are introduced. Also, some characterizations depending on framed curvatures are obtained.