Journals / Türk Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2017 / Cilt: 2 - Sayı: 2

Struggle for Power in Desht-i Qipchaq in the 15th Century

XV. Yüzyılda Deşt-i Kıpçak’ta İktidar Mücadelesi

Pages
22–34
DOI
—

Abstract

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073786111 1 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> As the Golden Horde began to decline, fundamental changes occurred in the political situation of Eastern Europe. New states appeared out of the empire which was collapsing. These entities named Turko-Tatar khanates were Khanate of Kazan, Crimean Khanate, Khanate of Qasim, Khanate of Sibir, Khanate of Astarkhan, Great Horde and Nogai Horde. In that period the Grand Duchy of Moscow started to ascend. On the other hand, the Ottoman Empire, interfering in the Crimean Khanate in 1475, assumed an active role in the north of Black Sea. Newly founded Turko-Tatar Khanates generally claimed to be the successors of the Golden Horde. The most formidable power struggle took place between the Crimean Khanate and the Grand Duchy of Moscow. There were some serious drawbacks in the policies of the Ottoman Empire who did not wish to upset the balance in the north.

Özet

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1073786111 1 0 415 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> Altın Orda Devleti’nin gücünü yitirmeye başlamasıyla birlikte Doğu Avrupa’nın siyasî vaziyetinde köklü değişiklikler görüldü. Dağılmaya yüz tutan imparatorluktan yeni devletler türedi. Türk-Tatar hanlıkları adıyla anılan bu teşekküller; Kazan Hanlığı, Kırım Hanlığı, Kâsım Hanlığı, Sibir Hanlığı, Astarhan Hanlığı, Büyük Orda ve Nogay Orda’dan ibaret idiler. Söz konusu devirde Moskova Knezliği de hızla yükselmeye başlamıştı. Öte yandan 1475 yılında Kırım Hanlığı’na müdahale eden Osmanlı Devleti Karadeniz’in kuzeyinde daha aktif bir rol üstlendi. Yeni kurulan Türk-Tatar hanlıkları genellikle Altın Orda’nın varisi olduklarını iddia ettiler. En zorlu hâkimiyet mücadelesi ise Kırım Hanlığı ile Moskova Knezliği arasında yaşandı. Kuzeydeki dengeleri bozmak istemeyen Osmanlı Devleti’nin takip ettiği siyasette ciddi eksiklikler mevcuttu.

Keywords: Deşt-i Kıpçak, Kazan, Kırım, Osmanlı Devleti, Moskova