A Group of Tombstones Found in Diyarbakır Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum Depot

Diyarbakır Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Müzesi Deposunda Bulunan Bir Grup Mezar Taşı

Abstract

Grave stones that have an important place among our tangible cultural assets are very valuable in terms of history, art, literature and culture. These works, which constitute an important group in terms of Turkish-Islamic art, are neither understood early enough nor protected as necessary. For this reason, some of them have disappeared. Some of them are in the museum repository. In this study, eighteen tombstones were investigated in Diyarbakır Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, including twelve headstones and six stones consisting of one foot stone, two side stones which belong to the tomb and three ledgers. The inscriptions on the surface of the tomb stones in the depot were read, the figures were evaluated symbolically and tried to be iconographically explained. The tombstones are listed in a chronological order and the names, titles, professions, nicknames, kinship ties etc. on the inscriptions are described. The types of writing were determined and attention was paid to which technique they were written. Stones are introduced in terms of their form, material and decoration. It is stated that why those tombstones, which have been emphasized many times before in terms of their place in Turkish-Islamic Art, have been brought to the museum and their importance in the period they belong to, in terms of diversity in the arts, is underlined.

Özet

Maddi kültür varlıklarımız içerisinde önemli bir yere sahip olan mezar taşları; tarih, sanat, edebiyat ve kültürel açıdan değerlidir. Türk-İslam sanatı açısından önemli bir grubu oluşturan bu eserler, hem geç anlaşılmış hem de gerektiği gibi korunamamıştır. Bu nedenle bir kısmı yok olup gitmiştir. Bir kısmı ise müze depolarında bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Diyarbakır Arkeoloji ve Etnoğrafya Müzesi deposunda bulunan on ikisi baştaşı, altı taştan biri ayaktaşı, ikisi çatma lahite ait yan taşı, üçü ise sanduka veya kapak taşı olmak üzere on sekiz mezar taşı incelenmiştir.