A Turning Point in the Struggle of Existing of the Ghurids: The Battle of Agangaran (400/1010-1011)

Gurluların Var Olma Mücadelesinde Bir Dönüm Noktası: Âhengerân Savaşı (400/1010-1011)*

Abstract

Between the years 552-612 / 1157-1216, the Ghurids established an independent state in the mountainous region of Afghanistan, located on the borders of Gazna and Herat. It is known that personal figures belonging to the dynasty prevailed in the region before the establishment of this state. The process leading to independence took approximately two hundred years. It is seen that the members of the Gur dynasty have engaged in some struggles with the neighboring states since the middle of the X century. One of them is the Ghaznavid State. This state, whose foundations were laid in 352/963 in Gazna city by Alptegin, was built on solid foundations in the time of Sebüktegin and took on an organizational structure. The period that Mahmud b. Sebüktegin (388-421/998-1030) ruled is the brightest period of the Gazneli State. According to the sources it is understood that the relations between the Ghurids and the Ghaznavids started in the time of Sebüktegin’s rule. This period, when the mutual relations did not become very friendly, and the wars that took place resulted in the eastern part of the Gur region, which came under the domination of the Ghaznavids. However, during the reign of Sultan Mahmud, disobedience of the Ghurids brought the once again a new struggle phase the two states. When taking into consideration the result of The Battle of Âhangaran, which can be considered as one of the most concrete examples of the Ghurids-the Ghaznavids military operations, it was one of the most important battles for both states. In this study, the process leading to the war mentioned and the results of this war were evaluated.

Özet

Gurlular 552-612/1157-1216 yÕllarÕ arasÕnda Gazneve Herat sÕnÕrlarÕnda bulunan Afgan൴stan'Õn da÷lÕkb|lges൴nde ba÷ÕmsÕz b൴r devlet kurmuúlardÕr. Budevlet൴n kuruluúundan önce hanedana mensupúahs൴yetler൴n b|lgede federat൴f b൴r úek൴lde h k ms rd kler൴ b൴l൴nmekted൴r. Ba÷ÕmsÕzlÕ÷a g൴den s reçyaklaúÕk olarak ൴k൴ yüz yÕl s rm út r. X. asrÕnortalarÕndan ൴t൴baren Gur hanedan yeler൴n൴n komúudevletlerle b൴rtakÕm mücadelelere g൴r൴út൴kler൴görülmekted൴r. Bunlardan ൴lk൴ Gaznel൴lerDevlet൴'d൴r. 352/963 yÕlÕnda Gazne úehr൴ndeAlpteg൴n tarafÕndan temeller൴ atÕlan bu devlet,Sebükteg൴n zamanÕnda sa÷lam temeller üzer൴neoturtulmuú ve teúk൴latlÕ b൴r yapÕya b r nm út r.Mahmud b. Seb kteg൴n'൴n h k m s rd ÷ yÕllar ൴se(388-421/998-1030) Gaznel൴ Devlet൴'n൴n en parlakdönem൴n൴ ൴ht൴va etmekted൴r. Gurlu-Gaznel൴m nasebetler൴n൴n Seb kteg൴n'൴n ൴kt൴darÕ zamanÕndabaúladÕ÷Õ, kaynaklardan anlaúÕlmaktadÕr. KarúÕlÕklÕ൴l൴úk൴ler൴n pek de dostane b൴r hal almadÕ÷Õ bu d|nemve yaúanan savaúlar Gur b|lges൴n൴n do÷u kÕsmÕnÕnGaznel൴ler൴n hâk൴m൴yet൴ altÕna geçmes൴ ൴lenet൴celenm൴út൴r. Ancak Sultan Mahmud d|nem൴ndeGurlularÕn ൴taatten çÕkmalarÕ ൴k൴ devlet൴ b൴r kez dahakarúÕ karúÕya get൴rm൴ú ve yen൴ b൴r m cadele safhasÕbaúlamÕútÕr. Gurlu-Gaznel൴ askerv harekâtlarÕnÕn ensomut örnekler൴nden b൴r൴ olarak sayÕlab൴lecekÆgengerân SavaúÕ, net൴celer൴ ൴t൴barÕ ൴le her ൴k൴ devlet൴ç൴n de en |neml൴ savaúlardan b൴r൴d൴r. Bu çalÕúmadaz൴kred൴len savaúa g൴den süreç ve bu savaúÕnsonuçlarÕ de÷erlend൴r൴lm൴út൴r.