Increased elastic modulus of plasma polymer coatings reinforced with detonation nanodiamond particles improves osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

In the present study we demonstrated that composite PPHMDS/DND coatings with elastic moduli close to those of maturebone tissue (0.2–2.8 GPa) stimulated growth and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). Composite coatings were prepared by a method of plasma polymerization (PP) where detonation nanodiamond (DND) particlesin different amounts (0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) were added to hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) before plasma deposition. This methodallows variation only in the reduced elastic modulus (Er´) with increase in the particle concentration, while the other surface properties,including surface wettability and topography, did not change. The response of hAD-MSCs to the increasing stiffness showed an effecton adhesion and osteogenic differentiation but not on cell proliferation. Matrix mineralization and cell spreading were maximized onPPHMDS/DND coatings with the highest elastic modulus (2.826 GPa), while the differences in proliferation rates among the sampleswere negligible. In general, PPHMDS/DND coatings provide better conditions for growth and osteogenic differentiation of hAD-MSCsin comparison to glass coverslips, confirming their suitability for osteo-integration applications. Additionally, our findings support thehypothesis that biomaterials with elasticity similar to that of the native tissue can improve the differentiation potential of mesenchymalstem cells.