Journals / Türk Pediatri Arşivi / 2002 / Cilt: 30 - Sayı: 8
Postoperative analgesic effects of intrathecal neostigmine, morphine and their combination and influence on spinal anaesthesia
- Journal
- Türk Pediatri Arşivi
- Pages
- 353–359
- DOI
- —
Abstract
The goal of this study was designed to evaluate intra-operative and postoperative analgesia and side-effects of various intrathecal doses of neostigmine, morphine or their combination, added to hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients with spinal anaesthesia. Ninety patients were randomly, divided into six groups of 15 patients (n=15). The control group (BS) received saline (0.5 mL) with 3 mL of 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine. In the place of saline the other groups received: BM1 (100 $mu$g morphine), BM2 (200 $mu$g morphine), BN1 (100 $mu$g neostigmine), BN2 (200 $mu$g neostigmine), BMN (50 $mu$g morphine + 50 $mu$g neostigmine) in addition to the hyperbaric bupivacaine. The total spinal drug volume was 3.5 mL. All patients received IV PCA morphine for postoperative analgesia. Intraoperative and postoperative side-effects, pain and morphine consumption for the first 24 hours were recorded and pain was scored by 10 cm visual analog scale (VAS) and 4 point verbal rating scale (VRS). The characteristics of spinal anaesthesia were not modified by intrathecal neostigmine or morphine. The time to first report of mild pain without need for PCA was similar among groups ((330 min). The time to first PCA dose was longest in the Group BM2 (654±46 min) but sever-ity of pain was lowest in the Group BMN (VAS 1.5±0.3). At 24 hours, pain severity and morphine consumption (PCA) remained the lowest in the Group BMN. (VAS 1.3±0.2; VRS 1.1±0.2; PCA 11±3 mg). The most common side-effect of neostigmine was nausea and vomiting (BN1 7/15; BN2 12/15), whereas, the most prominent side-effect of morphine was urinary retention (BM2 8/15; BM2 12/15). In conclusion, intrathecal neostigmine can produce analgesia, but side-effects restrict it's use as analgesic. With smaller doses of co-administered morphine and neostigmine, analgesia was better and urinary retention was reduced, however nausea and vomiting remained a problem.
Özet
Bu çalışma spinal anestezi uygulanan olgularda hiperbarik bupivakaine eklenen farklı dozlardaki intratrakeal (IT) neostigmin, morfin ve neostigmin±morfin kombinasyonunun intraoperatif, postoperatif analjezi ve istenmeyen etkilerini karşılaştırmak için planlandı. 90 olgu, rasgele 15 olguluk 6 gruba ayrıldı (n=15). Kontrol grubunda (BS) 3 mL % 0.5 hiperbarik bupivakain ile birlikte 0.5 mL serum fizyolojik uygulandı. Diğer gruplarda serum fizyolojik yerine: BM1 (100 $mu$g morfin), BM2 (200 $mu$g morfin), BN1 (100 $mu$g neostigmin), BN2 (200 $mu$g neostigmin), BMN (50 $mu$g morfin+50 $mu$g neostigmin) lıiperbarik bupivakaine eklendi. Total spinal ilaç volutnü 3.5 mL idi. Bütün hastalara IV PCA morfin ile postoperatif analjezi uygulandı. İntraoperatif ve postoperatif yan etkiler, ilk 24 saatte ağrı ve morfin tüketimi kaydedildi, ağrı 10 cm'lik (VAS) ve 4 puanlık (VRS) ile değerlendirildi. Spinal anestezinin özellikleriIT neostigmin ve morfinden etkilenmedi. PCA gereksinimi olmadan hafif derecede hissedilen ağrının zamanı gruplar arasında benzerdi ((330 dk). ilk PCA gereksinim zamanı en uzun Grup BM2 'de bulundu (654±46 dk) fakat ağrının şiddeti en düşük Grup BMN'de görüldü (VAS 1.5+0.3). 24 saatlik ağrı şiddeti ve morfin tüketimi en düşük Grup -BMN'de bulundu (VAS 1.3±0.2; VRS 1.1±0.2; PCA 11±3 mg). Neostigminin en yaygın yan etkisi bulantı ve kusma iken (BN1 7/15; BN2 12/15), morfinin en belirgin etkisi idrar retansiyonuydu (BM2 8/15; BM2 12/15). Sonuç olarak, IT neostigmin analjezi oluşturmaktadır f akut yan etkileri analjezik olarak kullanımını kısıtlamaktadır. Morfin ve neostigmin küçük dozlarda birlikte verildiğinde daha iyi analjezi oluşturmakta ve idrar retansiyonu azalmakta bununla beraber bulantı ve kusma sorun olarak kalmaktadır.