Assessment of mitogen-activated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for the treatment of babesiosis and theileriosis

Abstract

The Piroplasmida order comprises parasitic protozoa including the Theileria and Babesia species that are transmitted byvector ticks and can cause severe diseases in domestic and wild animals. Because of limited therapies and available drug resistance,the discovery of new, effective, and safer drugs for veterinary use is important. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are a groupof serine-threonine protein kinases found in diverse species, including animals and protozoa that conduct vital cellular functions.Therefore, they have been at the centre of drug design studies for many years. Computer-aided structure-based drug design is a fast andeffective way in drug discovery efforts to identify candidate compounds. In this study, we conducted comparative sequence analysis ofMAPK proteins from the Theileria (T. annulata, T. parva., T. orientalis, and T. equi) and Babesia species (B. bigemina, B. microti, andB. bovis). Three-dimensional protein structures from relevant species (T. annulata and B. bovis) were modelled and compounds werescreened for interaction. Results showed that the inhibitors designed for human use could also be potent against Prioplasmida MAPKs.Furthermore, the structural differences between Prioplasmida and mammalian MAPKs could be a way for researchers to better instigateselective drug design.