Assessing wind energy potential using finite mixture distributions

Abstract

Wind has become a popular renewable energy resource in the last two decades. Wind speed modeling is acrucial task for investors to estimate the energy potential of a region. The aim of this paper was to compare the popularunimodal wind speed distributions with their two-component mixture forms. Accordingly, Weibull, gamma, normal,lognormal distributions, and their two-component mixture forms; two-component mixture Weibull, two-componentmixture gamma, two-component mixture normal, and two-component mixture lognormal distributions were employed tomodel wind speed datasets obtained from Belen Wind Power Plant and Gökçeada Meteorological Station. This paperalso provides the comparison of gradient-based and gradient-free optimization algorithms for maximum likelihood (ML)estimators of the selected wind speed distributions. ML estimators of the distributions were obtained by using Newton–Raphson, Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno, Nelder–Mead, and simulated annealing algorithms. Fit performanceswere compared based on Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, root mean square error, coefficient of determination (R2), and power density error criteria. Results reveal that two-component mixture wind speed distributions have superiority over the unimodal wind speed distributions.