Synthetic approaches towards the synthesis of beta-blockers (betaxolol,metoprolol, sotalol, and timolol)

Abstract

Numerous efficient synthetic methodologies have been elaborated for the synthesis of-blockers since theintroduction of propranolol (a beta-blocker) in 1968. In this review, focus is placed on the more concise asymmetric andbioenzymatic synthetic approaches attempted towards the synthesis of beta-blockers (betaxolol, metoprolol, sotalol, andtimolol).