Electrodeposition of tin(II) from citrate complexes

Abstract

This paper provides the calculation of the distribution of the concentrations of complex particles of theSn(II) - citrate - water system in the solution volume, on the surface of the electrode, and in the diffusion layer forthe tin citrate electrolyte containing an excess of the ligand. Based on the calculations for the electrodeposition of tin,an electrolyte containing [SnCit] 2− complex at pH 8.0 was chosen. The kinetic parameters of the discharge stage, thediffusion coefficient of the electrochemical active ion, and the current efficiency of tin were determined by the methodsof stationary voltammetry and chronovoltamperometry. It is shown that the electroreduction of tin is governed by thelaws of mixed kinetics and the transfer stage of the second electron is the limiting one. The discharge mechanism andthe composition of the electroactive complex, which is [SnCit] 2− , are proposed. The current density of the depositionof tin coatings with different functional properties is determined as protective coatings and coatings of anodes of Li-ionaccumulators.